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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the nervous system in maintaining homeostasis?
Which part of the brain is responsible for voluntary movements like walking?
What are the building blocks of the nervous system that transmit signals?
Which type of feedback mechanism opposes a change in the body's internal conditions?
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Which type of movement, like digestion, is typically involuntary?
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What constitutes the peripheral nervous system that transmits sensory information to the central nervous system?
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What is the purpose of neurons in the body?
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In the scenario of accidentally pricking your finger with a rose stem, what is the immediate response from the brain to the pain signal?
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Which type of neurons transmit impulses from the brain to muscles, glands, or other neurons in the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?
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What is the function of sensory neurons?
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During the relay of information from nerves to the brain and back, what role do neurons play?
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What is the main characteristic of a reflex arc?
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Which type of reflex arcs affect inner organs according to the text?
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What is the main function of afferent neurons according to the text?
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Which of the following activities is classified as somatic according to the text?
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What is the defining characteristic of a neuron according to the text?
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Which type of neuron is responsible for sending messages from the senses to the central nervous system?
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Study Notes
Reflexes
- A reflex is an involuntary muscle response to a stimulus without input from the brain.
- The pathway a reflex takes is called a reflex arc, which connects to the spinal cord, bypassing the brain.
- The pathway of the reflex arc is: stimulus -> sensory neuron -> motor neuron -> reflex muscle movement.
- Examples of reflexes include: pulling your hand back when you touch something hot, jumping when you hear a loud sound, and the knee-jerk reflex.
- Reflex arcs that affect inner organs are called autonomic reflex arcs, while those that affect muscles are called somatic reflex arcs.
Neurons
- Neurons are cells with the special ability to carry signals or impulses.
- Thoughts, emotions, learning, and many body functions are carried by nerve impulses in the neurons.
- A nerve impulse is not a flow of electricity, but an electrochemical signal moving along a neuron.
- Neurons that receive messages from the senses and send them to the central nervous system are called afferent neurons.
- Motor neurons transmit impulses from the brain to muscles, glands, or other neurons in the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
- Sensory neurons transmit impulses from sensory nerves (receptor cells) to the Central Nervous System (CNS).
Homeostasis and the Nervous System
- The nervous system coordinates and regulates feedback mechanisms to maintain homeostasis.
- Homeostasis is the ability of the body to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment.
- The nervous system helps to maintain homeostasis by regulating body systems within certain limits.
Nervous System Functions
- The nervous system coordinates the body's functions.
- The building blocks of the nervous system are neurons.
- Voluntary movements, such as walking, are controlled by the nervous system.
- The peripheral nervous system includes nerves and senses.
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Description
Test your knowledge on how the nervous system coordinates and regulates feedback mechanisms to maintain homeostasis. Identify how body systems are kept within certain limits and distinguish between negative and positive feedback.
