Homeostasis and Adaptive Mechanisms
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Questions and Answers

What characterizes Positive Adaptive Homeostasis?

  • An increase in the homeostatic capacity in response to signaling. (correct)
  • A slight decrease in the homeostatic range due to stress.
  • A return to baseline homeostasis following stress removal.
  • Negative feedback mechanisms suppressing homeostatic changes.

    • Which mechanism describes the return to the basal homeostatic range?

  • Adaptive Homeostasis
  • Positive Adaptive Homeostasis
  • Disadaptive Homeostasis
  • Negative Adaptive Homeostasis (correct)

    • Which of the following statements about signaling in homeostasis is incorrect?

  • Removal of signaling agents may lead to changes in the homeostatic state.
  • Signaling molecules can trigger both positive and negative adaptive responses.
  • Homeostatic responses typically only involve negative feedback mechanisms. (correct)
  • Specific signaling agents can induce transient decreases in homeostatic ranges.

    • How do sub-toxic signaling molecules influence homeostasis?

    <p>They lead to adaptive changes in the homeostatic state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the role of stressors in homeostatic mechanisms?

    <p>Stressors may induce adaptive responses that alter homeostatic ranges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What perspective does Day (2005) take on the concept of allostasis?

    <p>It unnecessarily complicates the study of homeostasis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does adaptive homeostasis differ from traditional concepts of homeostasis?

    <p>It focuses on the organism's response to fluctuating stresses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an aspect criticized regarding the integration of stress and allostasis?

    <p>It obscures the unique impacts of different stressors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a threat that can impact adaptive homeostasis?

    <p>Chronic wealth accumulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of allostatic load refer to?

    <p>The cumulative physiological burden of chronic stress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of conflating stress with the concept of allostasis?

    <p>Loss of focus on distinct stress characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of adaptive responses in organisms?

    <p>To facilitate responses to fluctuating internal and external stresses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of positive homeostasis?

    <p>Adjusting physiological processes to an increase in exercise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are heterostasis and allostasis conceptually similar?

    <p>They deal with responses to varied environmental conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does emotional and psychological stress play in homeostasis?

    <p>It contributes significantly to allostatic load.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term did Hans Selye propose to describe the physiological state induced by excessive amounts of a toxin?

    <p>Heterostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biological process was incorrectly associated with adrenal regulation by Walter Cannon?

    <p>Blood sugar regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best illustrates a response focusing on positive homeostasis?

    <p>Elevation of blood glucose after eating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physiological response is primarily activated during Selye's concept of the stress response?

    <p>Fight or Flight response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the phases of General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) as defined by Hans Selye?

    <p>Mobilization, Resistance, Exhaustion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of signal transduction pathways, what role do hormones play in stress responses?

    <p>They coordinate behavioral and physiological changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of negative homeostasis mechanisms?

    <p>They promote oscillations around a mean physiological set point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is stress defined by behavioral physiologists?

    <p>The reaction to a real or imagined stressor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does aging influence the concepts of heterostasis and homeostasis?

    <p>Aging may disrupt both homeostasis and introduce heterostatic states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism is primarily involved in maintaining homeostasis during acute stress?

    <p>Sympathetic nervous system activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the exhaustion phase of General Adaptation Syndrome?

    <p>Physiological resources are depleted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of positive homeostasis mechanisms?

    <p>To enhance physiological activities in response to stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does homeostasis relate to the concept of normal range?

    <p>Homeostasis oscillates around a mean or median within a normal range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of stressors in the context of homeostasis?

    <p>They can promote adaptive homeostatic responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes negative homeostasis mechanisms?

    <p>They stabilize bodily functions through feedback loops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of signal transduction pathways, what is a critical element when the body encounters a stressor?

    <p>Activation of pathways for mobilizing energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is an example of positive homeostasis?

    <p>Temperature regulation during exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes chronic stressors compared to acute stressors?

    <p>They exert their effects over a longer term</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is proposed to describe transient changes in the homeostatic range due to non-damaging conditions?

    <p>Adaptive Homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept is considered inadequate when describing physiological responses to stress?

    <p>Allostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do pre-existing signal transduction pathways play during cellular stress responses?

    <p>They help modify existing enzymes biochemically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of adaptive homeostasis, what is a primary function of physiological adaptations to stress?

    <p>To maintain cellular functions under stress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is NOT associated with Positive Adaptive Homeostasis?

    <p>Extreme stress leading to cell death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus when studying the role of stressors in homeostasis?

    <p>To understand their impact on gene expression and cellular functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best illustrates the concept of heterostasis?

    <p>It refers to physiological adjustments based on environmental changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do nutrient-sensing mechanisms relate to adaptive homeostasis?

    <p>They facilitate cellular response to stressors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does one define the physiological adaptation to varying states of stress?

    <p>Through a dynamic process involving biochemical modifications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the inadequate descriptors for physiological adaptation related to stress?

    <p>Hormesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Homeostasis

    • Homeostasis is the maintenance of nearly constant conditions in the internal environment
    • Homeostasis is depicted as a range of values around a mean or median value
    • Homeostatic range is defined as the normal physiological range
    • Examples of biological functions that can vary with time include blood pressure, heart rate, core temperature, blood glucose, and NAD+ levels.
    • The X axis represents time, and the Y-axis represents the measured variable
    • The time axis is calibrated by seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks or years.

    Heterostasis and Allostasis

    • Heterostasis is a state induced by excessive amounts of a toxin
    • Allostasis is the process of achieving stability through physiological change
    • Allostatic load is the cost of maintaining allostasis, which can lead to disease

    Adaptive Homeostasis

    • Adaptive homeostasis is the transient expansion or contraction of the homeostatic range in response to sub-toxic, non-damaging signaling molecules or events
    • Positive adaptive homeostasis describes a transient increase in protective homeostatic capacity
    • Negative adaptive homeostasis describes a return to the basal homeostatic range after the initiating signal is removed
    • Adaptive homeostasis may explain how organisms cope with environmental stresses by expanding or shrinking their homeostatic range.

    Hans Selye

    • Hans Selye was a pioneer in stress research
    • He proposed the concept of heterostasis and contributed to the concept of allostasis
    • He developed the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) model which describes the three stages of the body’s response to stress, namely, the alarm stage, the resistance stage, and the exhaustion stage

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    Adaptive Homeostasis Review PDF

    Description

    Explore the concepts of homeostasis, heterostasis, and allostasis in biological systems. This quiz covers the mechanisms behind physiological stability and the implications of adaptive homeostasis. Test your understanding of how these processes impact health and well-being.

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