Home Science Module 1: ch 10
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Questions and Answers

What are fabrics made of?

Fibres

List three functions of clothes.

To look smart, to show individuality, to protect from adverse climatic conditions.

Which of the following is NOT a source of natural fibres?

  • Silk
  • Cotton
  • Wool
  • Nylon (correct)

    • Synthetic fibres are eco-friendly in nature.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are staple fibres?

    <p>Short length fibres measured in inches or centimeters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is rayon often referred to as?

    <p>Artificial silk or art silk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of fibres with their correct sources:

    <p>Cotton = Cotton ball Wool = Hair of sheep, goat, rabbit Silk = Silkworm Nylon = Chemicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fibres can only be classified into two categories: natural and synthetic.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fibres obtained from animal sources are called ______ fibres.

    <p>protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Wool is a strong fibre.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is cotton preferred for many household uses?

    <p>Because it is absorbent, durable, and easy to wash.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fabric is known to wrinkle easily?

    <p>Linen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Jute fabrics do not wrinkle easily.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to synthetic fibres when they are exposed to heat?

    <p>They soften and melt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What behaviour do cellulosic fibres exhibit when near a flame?

    <p>They catch fire easily.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If wool: winter, then __________: summer.

    <p>cotton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cotton is a filament fibre.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Length of staple fibres is measured in inches.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acetate is a man-made fibre.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Natural fibres can be made from chemicals.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Wool is a plant fibre.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If regenerated fibres: wood pulp, then synthetic fibres: _______________.

    <p>petroleum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Geet's dupatta catch fire?

    <p>It was made from polyester.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did the dupatta get stuck to Geet's body after catching fire?

    <p>Because it melted and adhered to her skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was Geet’s father relatively safe from burns?

    <p>He wrapped Geet in a cotton sheet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fabric should you prefer to wear while working in the kitchen?

    <p>Cotton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List three other fabrics which can be worn while working near fire.

    <p>Wool, linen, and cotton.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Convince people about merits of changing into cotton clothes before working in the kitchen.

    <p>Cotton clothes are safer as they don't melt or stick to skin when exposed to heat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Silk yarn breaks easily.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bulky yarns need less number of twists in one inch length.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Slub yarns have thick and thin places.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cord yarn is made from single yarn.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A simple yarn has uniform __________ in multiple strand yarn.

    <p>thickness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cord yarn is a __________.

    <p>multiple strand yarn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flex is stronger than _______________.

    <p>cotton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Synthetic yarns stretch and ________________.

    <p>do not break easily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is knitting?

    <p>The process of formation of loops of yarns and drawing new loops through those formed previously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fabrics are considered bulky and soft?

    <p>Fabrics made from novelty yarns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Muslin is a fabric which is _______________.

    <p>light weight and loosely woven</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Denim is a fabric which is _______________.

    <p>heavy weight and thick</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Organdy is a fabric which is _______________.

    <p>transparent and crisp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Poplin is a fabric which is _______________.

    <p>medium weight and plain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one difference between coarse and fine yarn?

    <p>Coarse yarn is thicker and has a rough texture, while fine yarn is thinner and smoother.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the difference between S twist and Z twist.

    <p>S twist is spun in the direction of the letter 'S', while Z twist is spun in the direction of the letter 'Z'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between four ply and cord yarn?

    <p>Four ply yarn consists of four strands twisted together, while cord yarn is made from multiple strands, typically three to five, twisted together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define spun and filament yarns.

    <p>Spun yarns are made from short staple fibres twisted together, whereas filament yarns are made from long continuous strands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do nylon, polyester, and acrylic catch fire easily?

    <p>These materials are synthetic and can ignite quickly due to their chemical composition and lack of natural flame resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you were Ginni’s friend, what would you advise her to do?

    <p>I would advise Ginni to stop wearing the dress and consult a dermatologist for proper treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cotton is a staple fibre.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Silk yarn breaks with a jerk.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cord yarn is made from 3/4/5 ply yarns.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used to test the identification of fibres?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Fibre to Fabric

    • Fabrics are composed of threads made from small fibres.
    • Understanding fibres helps in recognizing suitable fabrics for specific uses.
    • Knowledge of fabrics enables wise choices in purchasing and utilizing materials.

    Functions of Clothing

    • Clothing acts as "second skin," providing protection from the environment.
    • Enhances personal identity and reflects habits, taste, and social status.
    • Varieties of attire exist for different occasions: formal, casual, sports, etc.
    • Clothing colors may vary by season, climate, and personal factors such as age and marital status.
    • Hygiene and care are reflected in the appearance of clothing.

    Household Uses of Fabrics

    • Fabrics serve multiple household purposes beyond clothing, such as:
      • Bed linens
      • Curtains
      • Upholstery
      • Cushion covers
      • Kitchen items like dusters and mops
    • Cotton is often preferred for its suitability across various applications.

    Types and Sources of Fibres

    • Fibres are classified based on natural versus man-made sources.
    • Natural Fibres: Derived from plants and animals.
      • Plant-based: Cellulosic fibres (e.g., cotton, linen).
      • Animal-based: Protein fibres (e.g., wool, silk).
    • Man-Made Fibres: Produced in labs from chemicals.
      • Regenerated fibres (e.g., rayon from wood pulp).
      • Synthetic fibres (e.g., nylon, polyester).

    Length Classification of Fibres

    • Short fibres are called staple fibres, measured in inches or centimeters (e.g., cotton).
    • Long fibres are filament fibres, measured in yards or meters (e.g., silk).

    Characteristics of Common Fibres

    • Cotton: Absorbent, strong, prone to wrinkling; ideal for summer wear.
    • Flax (Linen): Durable and absorbent, wrinkles easily; shiny and cool for summer.
    • Jute: Rough and hairy, mostly used for bags and ropes; weaker than flax.
    • Wool: Insulating, soft, and absorbent, suitable for winter; easily damaged by friction.
    • Silk: Lustrous and strong, soft feel; used for formal garments.
    • Rayon: Lustrous with a silky feel, but weak; resembles silk.
    • Synthetic Fibres: Easy to care for, strong, and quick-drying; susceptible to melting.

    Identification of Fibres

    • Fibres can be identified through visual inspection and personal touch.
    • Different fabrics exhibit distinct characteristics in appearance, feel, and care requirements.
    • Knowledge of fibre properties aids in the visual identification process when purchasing fabrics.### Characteristics of Fibres
    • Silk: Delicate, smooth, warm to touch, lightweight, and resists wrinkling.
    • Rayon: Lustrous or non-lustrous, heavier than silk, soft, shines, provides a cool feeling, but wrinkles easily.
    • Synthetic Fibres: Dull or semi-dull, heat-sensitive, softening or melting upon heat application, warm-feeling, resistant to friction, and easy to care for as they do not wrinkle.

    Burning Test for Fibre Identification

    • Purpose: Determines whether fibres are from plant/animal sources or man-made.
    • Procedure: Burn strands from a yarn or fabric and observe:
      • Behavior near flame
      • Behavior while burning
      • Residue after burning
    • Cellulosic Fibres: Catch fire easily, burn brightly, give a smell similar to burning paper, and leave grayish/black smooth ash.
    • Protein Fibres: Smolder, produce a flickering flame with a burning hair smell, leaving crisp dark or irregular, crushable residue.
    • Synthetic Fibres: Shrink when approaching flame, soften/melt, emit a mixed chemical smell, and leave hard black uncrushable residue.

    Limitations of Burning Test

    • Confusion can arise when fabrics contain mixed fibres, complicating identification based on burning behavior.

    Breaking Test for Fibre Identification

    • Cotton: Breaks easily with brush-like tips.
    • Flax: Stronger than cotton; requires significant force to break.
    • Jute: Breaks easily.
    • Wool: Stretches before breaking, with brush-like tips.
    • Silk: Breaks suddenly with little stretch.
    • Rayon: Breaks easily, lacks brush-like tips.
    • Synthetics: Stretch significantly and resist breaking easily.

    Safety Scenario

    • Geet experienced burns as her polyester dupatta melted and stuck to her skin. Her father, wearing a cotton outfit, received minor scalds while extinguishing her flames with a cotton sheet.
    • Prefer cotton for kitchen work due to its flame-resistant properties.
    • Additional suitable fabrics: linen, wool, and specific blends designed for fire resistance.

    Fill in the Blanks

    • If wool: winter, then cotton: summer
    • If bark: flax, then sheep: wool
    • If cotton: king of fibres, then silk: queen of fibres
    • If regenerated fibres: wood pulp, then synthetic fibres: chemicals
    • If linen: cotton, then acrylic: synthetic fibres

    True/False Questions

    • Cotton is a filament fibre: False
    • Length of staple fibres is measured in inches: True
    • Acetate is a man-made fibre: True
    • Natural fibres can be made from chemicals: False
    • Wool is a plant fibre: False

    Yarn Creation and Classification

    • Yarn: Continuous length of interlocked fibres, made by twisting.
    • Spinning Process: Pull, twist, and draw fibers to form yarn.
    • Spinning by Machine: Involves steps like cleaning, carding, combing (optional), spinning, winding, producing various yarn packages.
    • Yarn Types:
      • Simple Yarns: Uniform thickness, smooth surface, used for standard fabrics.
        • Single Strand: Used for lightweight fabrics.
        • Ply Yarns: Two or more simple yarns twisted together for durability.
      • Novelty Yarns: Characterized by unusual appearances, including:
        • Loop Yarn: Continuous loops.
        • Knotted Yarn: Knots along the length.
        • Slub Yarn: Thick and thin ornamental effects.
        • Feather Yarn: Soft, fuzzy texture, also known as chenille yarn.

    Yarn Packaging

    • Common yarn packages include balls, reels, hanks, and cones, differing in weight and length for various uses.### Fibre and Fabric
    • Fabrics made from novelty yarns are softer and bulkier but generally less durable than those from simple yarns.
    • Weaving techniques draw inspiration from nature, specifically from bird nests and trees' entangled branches.

    Fabric Construction

    • Fabric is created by woven yarns, which can be categorized into various types such as poplin, denim, and khadder.
    • Two primary methods of fabric construction are weaving and knitting, with weaving being the most prevalent.

    Weaving

    • Involves interlacing warp and weft yarns at right angles.
    • Warp yarns run lengthwise, while weft yarns run horizontally.
    • The edge of the fabric where warp yarns are tightly woven is called the selvedge.
    • The area between selvedges constitutes the body of the fabric.

    Merits of Weaving

    • Produces firm and easy-to-handle fabrics.
    • Woven fabrics tend not to stretch, which simplifies printing and embroidery.

    Basic Weaves

    • Weaves can be broadly classified as basic (plain, twill, satin) and novelty. Most fabrics are constructed using basic weaves:
      • Plain Weave: The simplest form where one weft alternately moves over and under the warp. Examples include muslin and poplin.
      • Twill Weave: Characterized by a diagonal pattern, created by having one weft move over two and under one warp. Suitable for workwear. Examples are denim and gabardine.
      • Satin Weave: Produces a smooth surface with yarns floating. Commonly used for formal wear.

    Khadi and Handloom

    • Handloom fabrics, crafted from either hand-spun or mill-spun yarn, provide employment and carry traditional significance in India.
    • Khadi, endorsed by Mahatma Gandhi, is a hand-spun and hand-woven fabric symbolizing self-reliance and rural livelihood.

    Knitting

    • Involves forming loops of yarn, either through hand or machine methods, with weft knitting being the most common.
    • Knitting creates stretchy, comfortable fabrics used for casual and formal wear as well as household items.

    Properties of Knitted Fabrics

    • Known for their fit, stretchability, warmth, and wrinkle resistance, making them versatile for various clothing applications.

    End Uses of Fabrics

    • Understanding the properties of different fibers helps consumers choose the right fabric for their needs.
    • Common fabrics include cotton (muslin, denim), wool (felt, knits), and silk (crepe, satin).

    Key Points

    • Identification of fibers can occur through visual inspection, touch, and burning tests.
    • Yarns are classified into simple (single, ply) and novelty (cord, slub).
    • Importance of knowing fabric properties for appropriate usage in clothing and household articles.

    Additional Activities

    • Engage with local artisans to learn about weaving processes and challenges.
    • Explore the types of fabrics used by tailors and the decision-making process for fabric selection and garment construction.

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    Description

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