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Questions and Answers
What was the main goal of the Home Rule Movement?
What was the main goal of the Home Rule Movement?
What was the outcome of the Congress Split in 1907?
What was the outcome of the Congress Split in 1907?
Who was the Irish socialist who supported both Irish and Indian home rule?
Who was the Irish socialist who supported both Irish and Indian home rule?
What was the outcome of Annie Besant's arrest in June 1917?
What was the outcome of Annie Besant's arrest in June 1917?
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What was the significance of the Home Rule Movement in terms of its duration?
What was the significance of the Home Rule Movement in terms of its duration?
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Which of the following groups did NOT support the Home Rule Movement?
Which of the following groups did NOT support the Home Rule Movement?
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What was the outcome of the Montague Declaration in 1917?
What was the outcome of the Montague Declaration in 1917?
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What was the primary reason for the decline of the Home Rule Movement?
What was the primary reason for the decline of the Home Rule Movement?
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What was the territorial division of the Home Rule Leagues?
What was the territorial division of the Home Rule Leagues?
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What was the outcome of the formation of the Home Rule Leagues?
What was the outcome of the formation of the Home Rule Leagues?
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Study Notes
Home Rule Movement (1916-1918)
- Led by prominent figures like Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Annie Besant, with the main goal of achieving self-governance for India within the British Empire, similar to the dominion status of Canada and Australia.
- Driven by two Home Rule Leagues, which aimed to promote political education, build confidence to oppose government suppression, and demand greater political representation.
Background
- The Government of India Act 1909 failed to meet Indian aspirations.
- The Congress Split in 1907 and Tilak's imprisonment from 1908 to 1914 led to a lull in the movement.
- Tilak's release and Annie Besant's arrival in 1893 revived the national movement.
Annie Besant
- An Irish socialist who supported both Irish and Indian home rule.
- Arrived in India in 1893 and saw World War I as an opportunity for India.
Formation of the Leagues
- Tilak's League was launched in April 1916 in Belgaum.
- Besant's League was launched in September 1916 in Madras.
Objectives and Activities
- Objectives: to achieve self-government, promote political education, build confidence to oppose government suppression, and demand greater political representation.
- Public agitations and meetings stirred national consciousness and alarmed the British.
- Annie Besant's arrest in June 1917 sparked nationwide protests, leading to her release in September 1917.
Significance
- The movement showed year-round activity, unlike the Congress Party's annual sessions.
- Attracted educated Indians, Congress members, and Muslim League members.
- Brief unity among moderates, extremists, and the Muslim League was achieved.
- Political consciousness spread to more regions.
- The Montague Declaration in 1917 promised more Indian participation in government, legitimizing the home rule demand.
Decline
- The movement had limited reach, predominantly among educated people and college students.
- Lack of support from Muslims, Anglo-Indians, and non-Brahmins in Southern India.
- Moderates were satisfied with government reform promises.
- Leadership issues, including Besant's inconsistent stance and Tilak's absence due to a libel case in England.
- Gandhi's rise post-war led to the merger of the Home Rule Leagues with the Congress Party in 1920.
Impact
- The Home Rule Movement played a crucial role in the Indian independence struggle, setting the stage for future mass movements led by leaders like Mahatma Gandhi.
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Description
Explore the Home Rule Movement in India from 1916-1918, led by prominent figures like Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Annie Besant, with the goal of achieving self-governance within the British Empire.
