Home and Community Disaster Preparedness

• The midterm exam covers home mitigation and preparedness evaluation, school mitigation and preparedness evaluation, school disaster risk reduction planning & evaluation, community mitigation, preparedness & evaluation, and community disaster recovery, response & evaluation.

Home Mitigation and Preparedness Evaluation

• Disasters can occur anytime with little warning.
• Preparing and having a plan is important for protecting your home and family.
• A family preparedness plan involves 4 steps to ensure readiness for any disaster.
• Nurses should contribute manpower, money, and materials during family disaster preparedness.
• Evaluation should be based on past experiences and perceived risks.
• Identify areas prone to disasters.
• Establish communication, information, and warning systems.
• Ensure coordination and response mechanisms are in place.
• Develop public education programs.
• Coordinate with media outlets.
• Maintain stocks of essential commodities like food and medicine.

Family Disaster Preparedness Steps

• Identify potential hazards by determining which disasters are most likely in your area and learn how to prepare.
• Learn about community warning systems and signals.
• Consider purchasing a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration weather radio.
• Identify local emergency management organizations and their contact information.
• Educate yourself on disaster plans at workplaces and schools.
• Meet with family for preparedness, discuss the importance of being prepared.
• Review potential disasters and explain appropriate responses.
• Assign responsibilities to each family member to encourage teamwork.
• Determine meeting locations in case of disaster, both near home and outside the city.
• Discuss evacuation plans and create a family evacuation plan.
• If a family member is in the military, plan how to respond if they are away.
• Document family communication strategies in case of disaster and create a family communications plan.
• Adjust plans for family members with disabilities or special needs.
• Include family pets in the plan.
• Assemble a disaster supply kit.
• Locate safe spots in your home for each type of disaster.
• Select the best routes for evacuation from your home.
• Get training in first aid and CPR.
• Show family members how to shut off utilities.
• Create a home inventory.
• Teach family members how to use a fire extinguisher.
• Post emergency contact information on the refrigerator.
• Practice the disaster plan regularly (every 6 months).
• Check the disaster supply kit every 3 months.
• Replace stored water and food every 3 months.
• Update emergency contact information as necessary.

Home Mitigation

• Mitigation reduces loss of life and property by lessening the impact of disasters.
• Mitigation can prevent natural hazards from becoming catastrophic.
• FEMA's mission is to support citizens and first responders in building, sustaining, and improving national preparedness to protect against, respond to, recover from, and mitigate all hazards.

Flood Mitigation Options

• Purchasing flood insurance.
• Elevating the home's lowest floor above the Base Flood Elevation (BFE).
• Installing flood vents in foundation walls, garages, and enclosed areas.
• Using flood-resistant materials below the BFE.
• Anchoring fuel tanks to the floor with vents and fill lines above the BFE.
• Installing a backflow valve to prevent sewage backup.
• Adding waterproof veneer to exterior walls.

Wind Mitigation Options

• Install hurricane shutters.
• Add bracings to gable end roofs.
• Fasten the roof to walls with hurricane straps.
• Reinforce garage doors and double-entry doors- Garage doors can be reinforced with girts and by strengthening the glider wheel tracks.
• Double-entry doors can be reinforced with a heavy duty dead bolt, adding slide bolts on one of the doors, and using longer hinge attachments on the door and frame
• Maintain property by removing loose shingles and trees.
• Maintain a distance between buildings and trees.
• FEMA provides mitigation guidance for communities, businesses, and homeowners.

School Mitigation and Preparedness

• Disasters interrupt education and endanger children and staff.
• Hazards become disasters when they affect a population.
• Disaster severity depends on a population's coping capacity.
• Reducing community vulnerabilities can prevent disasters.

School Hazards and Risks

• Floods, cyclones, and earthquakes can cause deaths and injuries in schools.
• Some school buildings are unusable due to damages or use as shelters.
• Loss of materials and teachers can hinder education.
• Risks from natural hazards are affected by building integrity, teacher and student awareness, location, population distribution, and institutional support.

School Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (SDRRM)

• SDRRM is designed to guide school administrators in protecting children and education personnel, and provide education.
• DRRM in basic education is guided by DepEd's three major outcomes and includes access, quality, and governance.
• The Department is committed to implement DRRM in basic education within thematic areas: Prevention and Mitigation, Preparedness, Response and Recovery and Rehabilitation.
• A policy (DO 37 s 2015) guides schools in interventions relating to Safe Learning Facilities, School Disaster Management, and DRR in Education.

DepEd's framework provides guidance

• DRRM implementation for education practitioners.
• DRRM inclusion in education development plans.
• Defining the agency's response to hazards.
• Serving as a mechanism for engaging partners.
• Guiding collaboration with private schools.
• This framework aims to protect learners and workers from harm and plan for educational continuity.
• Monitor recovery and rehabilitation actions.

SDRRM Team Responsibilities

• Establishing an Early Warning System
• Conducting student-led risk identification and mapping
• Coordinating with the local DRRM Council
• Providing capacity-building activities on DRRM
• Maintaining and posting emergency hotlines
• Posting safety measures and evacuation plans
• Conducting multi-hazard drills
• Maintaining school records and learning materials
• Organizing the school's DRRM team
• Ensuring updated baseline education data availability
• Integrating DRRM in school programs
• Pre-identifying Temporary Learning Spaces (TLS)

Recovery & Rehabilitation

• Monitor hazard effects with the school as an evacuation center.
• Track school personnel during disasters.
• Prepare hazard effect reports.
• Ensure implementation of DepEd Order No. 43, s. 2012 regarding class suspensions due to calamities.
• Conduct rapid damage assessment and submit reports (RADAR) within 72 hours.
• Facilitate class resumption and track learners.
• Monitor implemented recovery interventions.

3 Pillars of Comprehensive DRRM in Basic Education Framework

• Pillar 1: focuses on safe learning facilities including temporary spaces, involving authorities, architects, engineers, builders and school members in site selection, design, construction, and maintenance.
• Key indicators of education facilities physical well-being, accessibility, clear boundaries, adequate space, and participatory methodologies.
• Communities participate in construction and maintenance.
• Basic health and hygiene are promoted.
• Adequate sanitation and water are provided.
• Key indicators of learning environments focus on security, safety, proximity, and psychosocial support.

Pillar 2: School Disaster Management

• Refers to establishing organizational support, such as the DRRM Service and DRRM Coordinators.
• School safety is the responsibility of of the community and school disaster risk management, requiring coordination headed by the school head with team involvement.
• The DRRM Team is in charge of implementing, monitoring and reporting initiatives within the school management.
• Focuses on personal and organizational preparedness, mitigation work, and enactment of multi-hazard drills.
• Information management involves gathering, storing, and disseminating information, which should complement the four thematic areas of DRRM.
• School administrators understand how to manage disaster info, proper management can save lives, prevent panic, and improve coordination among the community, other agencies, and organizations.
• Monitoring & evaluation tracks actions taken and support services provided, focusing on systems, standards, and processes to improve DRRM implementation and ensuring appropriate education in interventions.
• Pillar 3 involves integrating DRRM in curricula and activities, providing material support, and building capacity and skills.

SDRRM Team Core Functions

• Facilitating harmonization of DRRM efforts.
• Ensuring engagement of various stakeholders.
• Ensuring validated education information and expanded analysis on vulnerabilities.
• Ensuring communication of advisories and feedback.
• Ensuring resource availability to support affected areas.
• Establishing mechanisms to guide education partners.

Information to Collect After a Hazard

• Hazard occurrences
• Baseline data
• Prevention and mitigation measures
• Preparedness measures
• Personnel and learners affected
• Schools used as evacuation centers
• Class suspension and resumption
• Classroom damages
• Temporary learning spaces
• Other interventions

Disaster Terminology

• Hazard: Dangerous events or conditions that may cause harm.
• Disaster Risk: Potential losses to a community over a specific time period.
• Disaster Risk Reduction: Reducing risks through systematic efforts.
• Disaster Risk Management: Using administrative directives, organizations, and skills to lessen disaster impacts.
• Recovery: Actions to restore or improve pre-disaster conditions.
• Preparedness: Actions to ensure effective response to hazards.
• Response: Implementing preparedness plans to save lives and prevent further damage.

School Disaster Risk Reduction Planning & Evaluation

• Is designed to guide school heads and administrators in managing risk Highlights the school DRRM team along with safety preparations.

Steps in Implementation

• Step 1: Assess - Know your risks.
• Step 2: Plan Reduce your risks, prepare or respond, and ensure education continuity.
• Step 3: Implement – Implement your plan and be flexible.
• Step 4: Monitor, Evaluate, and Report

Assess Step Key Points

• Guides the knowing and understanding of risks which may affect learners and teachers.
• Student-led School Watching and Hazard Mapping.
• Community Hazard Maps.
• Building Inspection including Fire Safety.
• Basic Education Profile.
• School Risk Assessment.

Plan Step Key Points

• Formulate a strategy, addressing risks and establishing protocols for before and during disasters including ensuring education continuity.
• Set up a School DRRM Team.
• Scan and Upload Documents and Instructional Materials to Available Free Online Facilities.
• Establish a School Reunification Plan.
• Identify Temporary Learning Spaces and Resumption Strategies.
• Implement Evacuation Protocols, along with related drills.

Implement Step Key Points

• Provides things to consider after a disaster
• Monitor effects of hazards, personnel tracking, and family reunification procedures.
• Clean up schools and set up temporary class rooms and evacuation centers.
• Ensure classes resume with learning materials and pschosocial support.

Monitor, Evaluate, and Report Step

• Assessing plans and protocols and sharing experiences.
• Integrating results in planning
• Reviewing measurements and protocols
• Learning from past disasters to ensure the saftey of students, staff, and investment.
• Constant monitoring

Community Mitigation, Preparedness & Evaluation

• Aims to create safer, adaptive and disaster-resilient Filipino communities for sustainable development through prevention, preparedness, response, recovery, and rehabilitation.
• Disaster prevention is avoiding the impacts of hazards.
• Disaster mitigation is lessening the impacts of hazards.
• Key actions involve hazard evaluation, vulnerability analyses, identifying hazard-prone areas, and integrating DRRM into development plans based on scientific analysis.

Community Mitigation, Preparedness & Evaluation

• Mainstreaming of DRRM and climate change adaptation (CCA) into policies, plans, and budgets.
• DRRM and CCA-sensitive environmental management.
• Increased disaster resiliency of infrastructure systems.
• Community-based and scientific DRR-CCA assessment, mapping, analysis and monitoring.
• Communities have access to effective disaster risk financing and insurance

Establishing End-to-End Monitoring

• Is about generating warnings to communities, allowing sufficient preparation to reduce any possible risk.
• Consists of risk knowledge, analysis, communication, and local capabilities.
• DRMM is customized for groups, especially disaster response.

Increasing Community Awareness

• Communities are vulnerable because they lack information.
• In order to mitigate this, developing DRRM information for public consumption is key.

Long Term Goal and Objective

• To enable comunnities to anticipate the the impacts of likely events.

Disaster Response

• Providing necessary assistance during emergencies which includes providing relief and aid to affected members of the public as well as making sure adequate steps have been taken.
• Involves activating ICS (Incident Command Systems) at all levels and coordination methods with established relief/distribution centers.

Community Stakeholders

• Develop and maintain stakeholders database
• Key relationships need to be maintained.
• Integrate partner participation in preparedness activities.
• Developed systems should follow standards.

Evacuation

• Process of safely removing people from potential harm.
• All personal should be addressed and accounted for.
• Shelters must be ready and available for the public.

Rehabiliation and Recovery

• To bring the social structure as close to normality as quick as posible
• This to include jobs and settlement.
• Key aspects include assessment, restoring and repairing facilities, rebuilding, and psychological support is key to bring thing back to a baseline.