Holter Monitor and Event Recorder Quiz

Fractures in Childhood

• The most frequently broken bone in childhood is the clavicle.
• A closed fracture does not break the skin.
• Traction in fracture management helps to align the bone ends and reduce pain.
• The weakest point of the bone is the growth plate, also known as the physis.
• A comminuted fracture is characterized by the bone breaking into multiple pieces.
• The main goal of bone healing and remodeling in children is to achieve full functional recovery.

Cardiac Monitoring

• The primary purpose of a Holter monitor is to record heart rhythm over an extended period.
• An important consideration when interpreting monitor data is patient activity during recording.
• A potential pitfall when monitoring a child's heart rate and respirations is inaccurate readings due to factors like movement.
• The purpose of an event recorder is to capture irregular heart rhythms triggered by events like exercise or emotional stress.
• 'PEA' stands for Pulseless Electrical Activity and indicates electrical activity in the heart without a pulse.

Echocardiogram vs. Holter Monitor

• Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) provides real-time images of the heart's structure and function.
• In contrast, a Holter monitor records electrical activity over an extended period.

Diabetes in Children

• A major risk factor for developing Type 2 Diabetes in children is obesity.
• Hypoglycemia in children is typically associated with symptoms like shakiness, sweating, and confusion.
• If a child with hypoglycemia is conscious, glucose should be administered orally.

Hormone Deficiency and Thyroid Disorders

• Growth hormone deficiency can affect growth and development in children.
• The primary treatment for congenital hypothyroidism in newborns is hormone replacement therapy.
• Wearing a Medic-Alert Bracelet for a child with diabetes helps emergency personnel identify their condition and provide appropriate medical care.
• Hyperglycemia in children is associated with symptoms like increased thirst, frequent urination, and fatigue.

Managing Diabetes in Adolescents

• Adolescents with diabetes may struggle with managing their condition due to social pressures and independence.
• If a child showing signs of hypoglycemia is unconscious, emergency medical assistance should be sought immediately.
• The primary goal of self-monitoring blood glucose levels before meals and at bedtime in children with diabetes is to maintain blood sugar levels within a safe range.

Sickle Cell Anemia and Thalassemia

• The primary treatment for sickle cell anemia to prevent complications is pain management and hydration.
• A vaso-occlusive crisis in sickle cell anemia requires immediate medical attention.
• The primary treatment for thalassemia major (beta thalassemia) is regular blood transfusions.
• A potential complication of chronic blood transfusions in thalassemia patients is iron overload.

Hemophilia

• The most common form of hemophilia is hemophilia A.
• A potential complication of hemophilia is bleeding into joints.
• The primary treatment for hemophilia is replacement therapy with clotting factor concentrates.
• A recommended preventive measure for children with hemophilia is avoiding contact sports.

Preventative Measures in Hemophilia

• The goal of primary prophylaxis in severe hemophilia is to prevent bleeding episodes.
• Protective gear is recommended for children with hemophilia to prevent injury.

Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH)

• Barlow's and Ortolani's maneuvers are used to determine if a hip is unstable in a newborn.
• The initial treatment for DDH in infants under 6 months is harness therapy (Pavlik Harness).
• Treatment for clubfoot typically involves surgery if casting fails at around the age of 1 year.

Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis and Scoliosis

• Slipped capital femoral epiphysis is characterized by symptoms like pain in the hip, groin, or knee.
• For scoliosis curves of 40 degrees or more, the recommended treatment is spinal fusion surgery.
• A common postoperative complication of scoliosis surgery is infection.
• Adams forward bend test assesses the flexibility of a scoliosis curve during diagnosis.
• The most common surgical approach for scoliosis correction is posterior spinal fusion.

Osteomyelitis and VEPTR Procedure

• A potential complication of osteomyelitis is bone destruction.
• The VEPTR (Vertical Expandable Prosthetic Titanium Rib) procedure is used in scoliosis treatment as a growing rod for spine correction.