Questions and Answers
What does the word 'Holocaust' refer to?
The systematic extermination of the Jewish people in Europe during the years that Adolf Hitler and the Nazis were in power in Germany.
What years did Adolf Hitler and the Nazis hold power in Germany?
1933-1945
_____ _____ Jews were killed, most of them in infamous gas chambers and crematoria of the death camp.
6 million
_____ (who hated Jews) came to power in 1933 during a time of high unemployment and economic chaos.
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Launched anti-Semitic program with a plan to build a superior German 'master race' or the _____ race.
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What significant laws did Hitler's government pass in September 1935?
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What happened in July 1938 related to the Jewish refugee crisis?
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The event directed by Hitler and the government in November 9-10, 1938 is known as _____, or the night of broken glass.
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When did Hitler invade Poland, leading to the start of WWII?
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What was the name of Hitler's plan to exterminate all the Jews?
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The first death camp operated in 1941 in the city of _____.
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Name one famous concentration camp from the Holocaust.
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At Auschwitz, _____ people could be killed at a time in the gas chambers, and ______ bodies could be burned in the ovens every day.
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_____ taken from prisoners were sold to German companies.
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In what year did most of Europe come under Nazi control and the U.S. enter the war?
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What significant event happened on April 20, 1945?
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Study Notes
Holocaust Overview
- The Holocaust refers to the systematic extermination of approximately 6 million Jews in Europe during Nazi rule, from 1933 to 1945.
- Adolf Hitler, who came to power in 1933 amidst economic turmoil, targeted Jews as scapegoats for Germany's issues.
Timeline of Events
- 1933-1945: Duration of Hitler's and the Nazis' power in Germany.
- September 1935: Nuremberg Laws enacted, stripping German Jews of citizenship, rights, and opportunities; many flee Germany.
- July 1938: An international conference fails to provide refuge for Jewish escapees amid the growing crisis.
- November 9-10, 1938 (Kristallnacht): State-sanctioned pogrom leading to the destruction of 7,000 Jewish-owned businesses and the arrest of 30,000 Jews.
Nazi Policies and Plans
- Hitler's ideology promoted an Aryan "master race" with anti-Semitic programs aimed at Jewish extermination.
- The "Final Solution" was the Nazi plan to eradicate all Jews from Europe.
Concentration and Death Camps
- Chelmo: The first death camp began operations in 1941.
- Notable camps include Auschwitz-Birkenau and Buna, where mass killings took place.
- At Auschwitz, gas chambers could kill 2,000 individuals at once, and crematoria could incinerate 5,000 bodies daily.
Global Context and War Impact
- On September 1, 1939, Hitler invaded Poland, leading to the onset of World War II with declarations of war by England and France.
- By 1942, most of Europe was under Nazi control, and the U.S. had entered the war.
Aftermath
- On April 20, 1945, as Allied forces approached, Hitler committed suicide.
- Germany surrendered eight days later; the full scope of the Holocaust atrocities became known only after the war's end.
- Valuables taken from Jewish prisoners were sold to German companies, highlighting the economic exploitation during this tragic period.
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Test your knowledge on the Holocaust with these flashcards. Explore key terms, significant years, and the tragic impact of this historical event. Perfect for students and history enthusiasts alike!
