Questions and Answers
What does negative peace primarily focus on?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of positive peace?
According to Betty Reardon, how is violence defined?
What is considered the foundation for positive peace?
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Which factor is linked to the emergence of aggression and violent conflict?
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Which level of peace represents the innermost circle in the concentric circle diagram?
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What type of violence is categorized as organized and can occur between states?
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Which element is NOT included in interpersonal peace according to the provided levels?
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Which of the following represents a component of intergroup/social peace?
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What structural element involves respect for the environment and promotes sustainable living?
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What is the simplified understanding of peace according to early secular writings?
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Who first articulated the negative definition of peace as the absence of war?
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According to Raymond Aron, how is peace defined?
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What does Fritjof Capra advocate for as a necessary step for solving modern problems?
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What was a common starting point in early peace research as indicated by the text?
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What is the primary focus of Johan Galtung's perspective on peace?
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Which condition is NOT considered a result of structural violence?
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According to peace theorists, what does a genuine peace culture require?
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The concept of structural violence primarily addresses which of the following?
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How has the definition of peace evolved since the late 1960s?
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What key aspect contributes to structural violence, as discussed by Galtung?
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What does the phrase 'absence of violence' imply in the context of peace?
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Which statement best describes the relationship between peace and human security?
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Which of the following values is not explicitly listed in the Social Continuum?
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What is considered a major issue in the promotion of a culture of peace?
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Which dimension emphasizes environmental protection and family integrity?
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Which of the following actions is part of the Political Continuum?
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What type of violence includes issues related to conventional war?
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Which value is a fundamental aspect of a culture of peace?
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Which form of violence is primarily associated with individual feelings of powerlessness?
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What is classified as a global form of violence related to socio-cultural issues?
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Which level of violence is linked with economic structures causing unequal chances?
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Which type of violence is characterized by pollution at a global level?
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What form of violence encompasses both suicide and drug abuse?
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Which statement best represents the concept of alienation in violence?
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Which level of violence is primarily associated with nuclear power and radiation?
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Which of the following forms of violence includes religious intolerance?
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Which value is NOT aligned with the dimensions of peace education discussed?
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What does the Chinese concept of 'ping' emphasize?
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Which term best captures the broader aspects of peace as represented by 'shalom'?
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What does the Sanskrit term 'shanti' encompass beyond spiritual contentment?
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Which of the following concepts is associated with the Greek understanding of peace?
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What is a critical demand of the holistic understanding of peace?
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In what way does the term 'sala’am' contribute to the notion of peace?
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Which of the following statements reflects a misconception about the holistic view of peace?
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What characterizes negative peace?
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Which of the following is an example of structural violence?
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Which statement best describes positive peace?
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Which type of violence includes pollution and overconsumption?
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What is an example of socio-cultural violence?
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What is one of the core values that a culture of peace promotes?
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Which of the following best describes the attitude of a culture of peace towards violence?
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Which document was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1999 to promote a culture of peace?
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What is one of the commitments associated with a culture of peace regarding generational needs?
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In the Philippine framework for a culture of peace, who is a notable peace advocate mentioned?
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Which principle is NOT included in the definition of a culture of peace?
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What aspect of society is explicitly recognized in a culture of peace?
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Which of the following is a necessary consideration for establishing a culture of peace based on the Philippine framework?
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Study Notes
Holistic Understanding of Peace and Violence
- Importance of redefining peace as both a condition and a value for better relations and actions.
- Fritjof Capra advocates for changing thinking about peace and values to address today's problems.
Secular Concepts of Peace and Violence
- Early definitions (e.g., Hugo Grotius, 1625) viewed peace as the absence of war or direct violence.
- Raymond Aron (1966) defined peace as a temporary halt in violent rivalry among political entities.
Shift to Indirect and Structural Violence
- Since the late 1960s, focus has shifted to structural violence, addressing societal injustices that indirectly harm individuals.
- Recognizes that extreme poverty, starvation, and discrimination are forms of violence leading to suffering.
- Johan Galtung states that structural violence arises from inequitable wealth and resource distribution, affecting basic living conditions.
Comprehensive View of Peace
- Peace goes beyond the absence of conflict, encompassing justice and eradication of injustice in society.
- Johan Galtung emphasizes the need for a holistic understanding of peace that includes structural aspects.
Peace Definitions
- Negative Peace: Absence of direct or physical violence at all levels.
- Positive Peace: Presence of social, political, economic, and ecological well-being and justice.
Types of Violence
- Direct Violence: Includes war, torture, and abuse.
- Structural Violence: Poverty and hunger leading to systemic harm.
- Socio-cultural Violence: Racism and sexism perpetuating societal inequality.
- Ecological Violence: Pollution and overconsumption harming the environment.
Levels of Peace
- Concentric levels: Harmony with the Sacred Source, Nature, Global/Social Peace, Interpersonal Peace, and Harmony with the Self.
- Interpersonal peace involves self-respect, justice, tolerance, and cooperation.
Culture of Peace Definition by UNESCO
- Embodies values of respect, non-violence, dialogue, and equal rights.
- Encourages cooperative development and democratic participation.
Philippine Framework for a Culture of Peace
- Developed from local peace advocates' experiences, integrating six dimensions of peacebuilding: social, political, economic, cultural, spiritual, and environmental.
- Emphasizes integrity, compassion, and solidarity as core values for a peaceful society.
Historical Concepts of Peace
- Greek "irene" mirrors harmony and justice, while Arabic "sala’am" and Hebrew "shalom" focus on well-being and community harmony.
- Sanskrit "shanti" represents cosmic peace, integrating various life aspects, while Chinese "ping" emphasizes unity in diversity.
Path to a Culture of Peace
- Advocates for resource reallocation from military to social welfare.
- Fundamental human dignity, economic equity, and respect for cultures are essential in fostering a peaceful environment.
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Description
Explore the foundational concepts of peace and violence through a holistic lens in this quiz based on Chapter 1 of a critical text. Understand how our perceptions shape our reality and influence our relationships with others. Engage with the ideas presented by Fritjof Capra to develop a deeper awareness of peace as both a condition and a value.