Questions and Answers
What does negative peace primarily focus on?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of positive peace?
According to Betty Reardon, how is violence defined?
What is considered the foundation for positive peace?
Signup and view all the answers
Which factor is linked to the emergence of aggression and violent conflict?
Signup and view all the answers
Which level of peace represents the innermost circle in the concentric circle diagram?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of violence is categorized as organized and can occur between states?
Signup and view all the answers
Which element is NOT included in interpersonal peace according to the provided levels?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following represents a component of intergroup/social peace?
Signup and view all the answers
What structural element involves respect for the environment and promotes sustainable living?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the simplified understanding of peace according to early secular writings?
Signup and view all the answers
Who first articulated the negative definition of peace as the absence of war?
Signup and view all the answers
According to Raymond Aron, how is peace defined?
Signup and view all the answers
What does Fritjof Capra advocate for as a necessary step for solving modern problems?
Signup and view all the answers
What was a common starting point in early peace research as indicated by the text?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary focus of Johan Galtung's perspective on peace?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition is NOT considered a result of structural violence?
Signup and view all the answers
According to peace theorists, what does a genuine peace culture require?
Signup and view all the answers
The concept of structural violence primarily addresses which of the following?
Signup and view all the answers
How has the definition of peace evolved since the late 1960s?
Signup and view all the answers
What key aspect contributes to structural violence, as discussed by Galtung?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the phrase 'absence of violence' imply in the context of peace?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement best describes the relationship between peace and human security?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following values is not explicitly listed in the Social Continuum?
Signup and view all the answers
What is considered a major issue in the promotion of a culture of peace?
Signup and view all the answers
Which dimension emphasizes environmental protection and family integrity?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following actions is part of the Political Continuum?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of violence includes issues related to conventional war?
Signup and view all the answers
Which value is a fundamental aspect of a culture of peace?
Signup and view all the answers
Which form of violence is primarily associated with individual feelings of powerlessness?
Signup and view all the answers
What is classified as a global form of violence related to socio-cultural issues?
Signup and view all the answers
Which level of violence is linked with economic structures causing unequal chances?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of violence is characterized by pollution at a global level?
Signup and view all the answers
What form of violence encompasses both suicide and drug abuse?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement best represents the concept of alienation in violence?
Signup and view all the answers
Which level of violence is primarily associated with nuclear power and radiation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following forms of violence includes religious intolerance?
Signup and view all the answers
Which value is NOT aligned with the dimensions of peace education discussed?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the Chinese concept of 'ping' emphasize?
Signup and view all the answers
Which term best captures the broader aspects of peace as represented by 'shalom'?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the Sanskrit term 'shanti' encompass beyond spiritual contentment?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following concepts is associated with the Greek understanding of peace?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a critical demand of the holistic understanding of peace?
Signup and view all the answers
In what way does the term 'sala’am' contribute to the notion of peace?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements reflects a misconception about the holistic view of peace?
Signup and view all the answers
What characterizes negative peace?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is an example of structural violence?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement best describes positive peace?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of violence includes pollution and overconsumption?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an example of socio-cultural violence?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one of the core values that a culture of peace promotes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes the attitude of a culture of peace towards violence?
Signup and view all the answers
Which document was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1999 to promote a culture of peace?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one of the commitments associated with a culture of peace regarding generational needs?
Signup and view all the answers
In the Philippine framework for a culture of peace, who is a notable peace advocate mentioned?
Signup and view all the answers
Which principle is NOT included in the definition of a culture of peace?
Signup and view all the answers
What aspect of society is explicitly recognized in a culture of peace?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a necessary consideration for establishing a culture of peace based on the Philippine framework?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Holistic Understanding of Peace and Violence
- Importance of redefining peace as both a condition and a value for better relations and actions.
- Fritjof Capra advocates for changing thinking about peace and values to address today's problems.
Secular Concepts of Peace and Violence
- Early definitions (e.g., Hugo Grotius, 1625) viewed peace as the absence of war or direct violence.
- Raymond Aron (1966) defined peace as a temporary halt in violent rivalry among political entities.
Shift to Indirect and Structural Violence
- Since the late 1960s, focus has shifted to structural violence, addressing societal injustices that indirectly harm individuals.
- Recognizes that extreme poverty, starvation, and discrimination are forms of violence leading to suffering.
- Johan Galtung states that structural violence arises from inequitable wealth and resource distribution, affecting basic living conditions.
Comprehensive View of Peace
- Peace goes beyond the absence of conflict, encompassing justice and eradication of injustice in society.
- Johan Galtung emphasizes the need for a holistic understanding of peace that includes structural aspects.
Peace Definitions
- Negative Peace: Absence of direct or physical violence at all levels.
- Positive Peace: Presence of social, political, economic, and ecological well-being and justice.
Types of Violence
- Direct Violence: Includes war, torture, and abuse.
- Structural Violence: Poverty and hunger leading to systemic harm.
- Socio-cultural Violence: Racism and sexism perpetuating societal inequality.
- Ecological Violence: Pollution and overconsumption harming the environment.
Levels of Peace
- Concentric levels: Harmony with the Sacred Source, Nature, Global/Social Peace, Interpersonal Peace, and Harmony with the Self.
- Interpersonal peace involves self-respect, justice, tolerance, and cooperation.
Culture of Peace Definition by UNESCO
- Embodies values of respect, non-violence, dialogue, and equal rights.
- Encourages cooperative development and democratic participation.
Philippine Framework for a Culture of Peace
- Developed from local peace advocates' experiences, integrating six dimensions of peacebuilding: social, political, economic, cultural, spiritual, and environmental.
- Emphasizes integrity, compassion, and solidarity as core values for a peaceful society.
Historical Concepts of Peace
- Greek "irene" mirrors harmony and justice, while Arabic "sala’am" and Hebrew "shalom" focus on well-being and community harmony.
- Sanskrit "shanti" represents cosmic peace, integrating various life aspects, while Chinese "ping" emphasizes unity in diversity.
Path to a Culture of Peace
- Advocates for resource reallocation from military to social welfare.
- Fundamental human dignity, economic equity, and respect for cultures are essential in fostering a peaceful environment.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Explore the foundational concepts of peace and violence through a holistic lens in this quiz based on Chapter 1 of a critical text. Understand how our perceptions shape our reality and influence our relationships with others. Engage with the ideas presented by Fritjof Capra to develop a deeper awareness of peace as both a condition and a value.
