هندسة البرمجيات الفصل الأول

Course Information

• Course Title: Software Engineering [CS311P]
• Grade Level: 3rd Year
• Instructor: Dr. Amal I. Abou Eleneen
• University: Mansoura University
• Faculty: Faculty of Computers and Information
• Department: Department of Computer Science
• Semester: First Semester 2023-2024

Course Outline

• Chapter 1: Introduction
• Chapter 2: Software Processes
• Chapter 3: Agile Software Development
• Chapter 4: Requirements Engineering
• Chapter 5: System Modeling
• Chapter 6: Business Model
• Chapter 6: Architectural Design
• Chapter 7: Design and Implementation

Topics Covered

• Professional software development
  • What is meant by software engineering
• Software engineering ethics
  • A brief introduction to ethical issues that affect software engineering
• Case studies
  • An introduction to three examples used in later chapters

Software Engineering

• Software engineering is an engineering discipline concerned with all aspects of software production, from initial specification to system maintenance.
• It is an engineering discipline using theories and methods to solve problems considering organizational and financial constraints.
• It encompasses all aspects of software production, not just technical development, but also project management and tool development.

What is Software?

• Software comprises computer programs and their associated documentation.
• Software products can be developed for specific customers or for a general market.
• Generic software is developed for multiple customers, while bespoke (custom) software is tailored to individual customer needs.

Software Products

• Generic products are stand-alone systems marketed to any customer. Examples include PC software like graphics programs and project management tools.
• Customized products are commissioned by a specific customer to meet their needs. Examples include embedded control systems and air traffic control software.

Product Specification

• For generic products, the software developer owns the specification and makes decisions about changes.
• For customized products, the customer owns the specification and makes decisions about changes.

Essential Attributes of Good Software

• Maintainability: Software should evolve to adapt to changing customer needs.
• Dependability and security: Includes reliability, security, and safety. Malicious users should not be able to access or damage the system.
• Efficiency: Software should not waste system resources (memory, processor cycles) and should be responsive.
• Acceptability: Software must be understandable, usable, and compatible with other systems used by the user.

Software Engineering Diversity

• There is no single set of software techniques applicable to all types of software systems.
• The chosen software engineering methods and tools depend on the type of application, customer requirements, and developer background.

Application Types

• Stand-alone applications: Run on a local computer (e.g., PC) and do not require networking.
• Interactive transaction-based applications: Run on remote computers and accessed by users via PCs or terminals (e.g., e-commerce).
• Embedded control systems: Control and manage hardware devices (e.g., air traffic control, traffic monitoring).
• Entertainment systems: Primarly for personal entertainment.
• Data collection systems: Gather data from the environment (e.g., weather stations).
• Systems of systems: Composed of multiple software systems (e.g., ERP systems).

Software Engineering Fundamentals

• Systems should be developed using a controlled and understood development process.
• Dependability and performance are important for all systems.
• Understanding and managing software requirements (what the software should do) are crucial.
• Software reuse is preferred to developing new software where appropriate.

Software Engineering Ethics

• Software engineering responsibilities extend beyond technical skills to ethical behavior.
• Engineers must behave honestly and responsibly.
• Ethical behavior goes beyond simply following the law; it involves adhering to moral principles.

Issues of Professional Responsibility

• Confidentiality: Engineers should respect the confidentiality of their employers' or clients' information, regardless of formal agreements.
• Competence: Engineers should not misrepresent their competence and should not undertake work beyond their capabilities.
• Intellectual property: Engineers should be aware of local laws regarding intellectual property (patents, copyrights) and protect the intellectual property of employers and clients.
• Computer misuse: Engineers should not misuse other people's computers for personal gain.

Software Process Activities

• Software specification: Determining the required software services and constraints.
• Software development: Designing and programming the software.
• Software validation: Verifying that the software meets the requirements.
• Software evolution: Modifying the software to accommodate changes in customer or market needs.

Software Specification

• The process of defining the services and constraints of a software system.
• Includes requirements elicitation (understanding stakeholder needs), requirements specification (documenting needs in detail), and requirements validation (checking requirement validity).

Requirements Engineering Process

• Requirements elicitation and analysis
• Requirements specification
• Requirements validation

Software Design and Implementation

• Converting the system specification into an executable system.
• Software design: Creating a software structure based on the specification.
• Implementation: Translating the software structure into an executable program.

Design Activities

• Architectural design: Defining overall system structure, components, relationships, and distribution.
• Database design: Defining data structures and their representation in a database.
• Interface design: Creating interfaces between components.
• Component selection and design: Identifying or creating reusable components.

System Implementation

• Implementing the software either through program development or system configuration.
• Design and implementation are often closely intertwined.
• Programming is the direct implementation of a software component.
• Debugging involves identifying and fixing code errors

Software Validation

• Verifying that the software meets its specification.
• Involves checking and review methods as well as system testing.
• System testing: Executing the software with tests derived from specifications to validate against real data.
• Component and customer testing

Software Evolution

• Adapting the software to changing customer needs and business environments.
• New requirements emerge during use.
• Business environment changes dictate adjustments.
• Errors must be rectified.
• New hardware or software upgrades may require changes.

Frequently Asked Questions About Software Engineering

• Definition of software.
• Attributes of good software.
• Software engineering activities.
• Differences between software engineering and computer science.
• Differences between software engineering and system engineering
• Key challenges.
• Software costs.
• Best techniques and methods.

Case Studies

• Personal insulin pump: Embedded system for managing blood glucose.
• Mental health care patient management system (Mentcare): Managing patient information for mental health care.
• Wilderness weather station: Collecting data on weather conditions in remote areas.

Insulin Pump Control System

• Collects blood sugar data and calculates insulin requirements.
• Calculations depend on blood sugar level trends.
• Sends signals to a micro-pump to inject precise insulin dosages.
• Safety-critical system to mitigate risks of low or high blood sugar.

Insulin Pump Hardware Architecture

• Diagram illustrating the components and communication paths of an insulin pump.

Mentcare: A Patient Information System for Mental Health Care

• A medical information system to support mental health care.
• Maintains information on patients and their treatments.
• Clinically-focused for patient management.
• Flexible deployment possible in addition to hospitals.

Wilderness Weather Station

• Designed by a national government for remote areas.
• Measures various weather parameters.
• Instruments controlled by software and data collected periodically.

References

• Software Engineering 9th Edition by Ian Sommerville
• Software Engineering 10th Edition by Ian Sommerville

هذا الاختبار يغطي الفصل الأول من مقرر هندسة البرمجيات. ستتعلم الأسس والمفاهيم الأساسية للهندسة البرمجية، بالإضافة إلى أخلاقيات المهنة والتطبيقات العملية. استعد لاختبار معرفتك حول كيفية تطور البرمجيات وممارساتها المهنية.