L60. GA - Face & Parotid

A patient presents with difficulty wrinkling their forehead and raising their eyebrows. Which muscle is most likely affected?

Following a blunt force trauma to the face, a patient exhibits significant swelling around the eyes, leading to their complete closure. What anatomical explanation best describes this phenomenon?

A surgeon is performing a procedure near the cheek and needs to avoid damaging the duct associated with the parotid gland. Which anatomical landmark should the surgeon use to locate the duct's entry point into the oral cavity?

A patient who has undergone facial surgery is now unable to tightly close their eyelid on one side but can still gently close it. Which part of the orbicularis oculi muscle was most likely affected during the procedure?

During an examination, a neurologist asks a patient to depress their lower lip to assess nerve function. Which muscle is the neurologist primarily testing?

A patient presents with a marked reduction in facial expressiveness, often described as a 'mask-like' face. Which of the following conditions is most likely contributing to this clinical presentation?

Why is the face relatively small at birth compared to the rest of the head?

Damage to which of the following nerve branches would most likely result in the inability to wrinkle the forehead on the affected side?

A surgeon is performing a procedure near the parotid gland and needs to be mindful of the structures within. Damage to which of these structures would most likely result in loss of sensation to the upper lip and cheek?

During a physical exam of a patient who presents with facial asymmetry, you notice drooping of the corner of the mouth and difficulty closing one eye. Which of the following is the most likely location of the lesion causing these symptoms?

A patient complains of dry eyes and dry mouth following a surgical procedure involving the parotid gland. Which of the following nerves was most likely damaged during the procedure, leading to these symptoms?

Following a traumatic injury to the face, a patient reports a loss of sensation in the area of the cheek and upper lip. Which of the following foramina is the most likely location of nerve damage?

A patient presents with numbness in the cheek and upper lip. Which foramen is most likely associated with nerve damage causing this sensory deficit?

During a surgical procedure near the parotid gland, a surgeon identifies a nerve plexus within the gland. Injury to which nerve is the greatest risk?

A young child's face appears rounder due to prominent fat pads. How does facial structure typically change as these fat pads diminish during development?

A patient reports loss of sensation on the lateral side of the forehead. Which nerve is most likely affected?

Following trauma to the face, a patient exhibits numbness in the chin region. Which foramen is most likely involved?

Damage to which nerve exiting from the zygomaticotemporal foramen would result in sensory loss where?

A surgeon is ligating the facial artery to control bleeding. Which of the following structures is at greatest risk?

Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the area immediately surrounding the ala of the nose?

During a facelift procedure, a surgeon must be cautious to avoid damaging specific nerves. Injury to which nerve would most likely result in the inability to wrinkle the forehead on the affected side?

A patient reports loss of sensation in their forehead and upper eyelid following a traumatic injury. If the injury is located near the exit point of the nerve, which nerve is most likely affected?

Following a surgical procedure, a patient exhibits numbness in the skin of the nose. Which nerve is the most likely source of this sensory deficit?

A patient presents with sensory loss of the lower eyelid, cheek and upper lip region after a motor vehicle accident. Which nerve is most likely damaged?

A patient reports experiencing sensory changes on the skin over their zygomatic bone. Which nerve is the most likely source of these symptoms?

A patient is diagnosed with trigeminal neuralgia affecting the ophthalmic division. Which nerve branch, if affected, would cause them to experience pain in the lateral aspect of their upper eyelid?

Which nerve's proximity to the medial supraorbital margin makes it vulnerable to injury during surgical procedures in that area, potentially leading to sensory deficits?

A patient presents with numbness along the anterior temple above the zygomatic arch. Which nerve is the most likely affected?

A surgeon is performing a rhinoplasty and needs to be mindful of the sensory innervation to avoid causing nerve damage. Which nerve must be carefully considered during the procedure?

A patient presents with numbness in their lower lip and chin following a mandibular fracture. Which nerve is MOST likely damaged?

A patient reports numbness in the forehead and scalp, but NOT the upper eyelid. Which nerve is most likely still intact?

Why do facial lacerations tend to part widely if not sutured properly?

A dentist is about to anesthetize the upper teeth and lip of a patient. Which nerve should they target?

A patient experiencing sensory loss in the medial upper eyelid, the adjacent skin of the nose, and the lacrimal sac most likely has damage to which nerve?

Which of the following is a key characteristic of facial muscles?

A patient is experiencing sensory loss in the external ear and temporal area of the scalp. Which nerve is MOST likely affected?

Which of the following nerves exits the mandible via the mental foramen?

A patient reports a loss of sensation in the cheek's skin and mucous membrane. Which nerve is MOST likely affected?

What is the clinical significance of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) in the face?

Shingles of the face (Herpes zoster ophthalmicus) can affect regions supplied by which nerve?

Through which opening does the mental nerve exit the mandible?

The Face

Parotid Region

Facial Communication

Expressionless Face

Face as a Diagnostic Tool

Infant Facial Development

Verbal and emotional Communication

Facial Region Structures

Parotid Region Structures

Supraorbital Foramen

Zygomatic Foramina

Infraorbital Foramen

Mental Foramen

Trigeminal Nerve Branches

Ophthalmic Nerve (V1)

Maxillary Nerve (V2)

Supraorbital Nerve

Supratrochlear Nerve

Infratrochlear Nerve

Lacrimal Nerve

External Nasal Nerve

Infraorbital Nerve

Zygomaticofacial Nerve

Zygomaticotemporal Nerve

Frontal Nerve

Maxillary Nerve

Occipitofrontalis Action

Orbicularis Oculi Action

Levator Labii Superioris Action

Depressor Labii Inferioris Action

Buccinator Action

Mental Nerve

Buccal Nerve (Sensory)

Auriculotemporal Nerve

Shingles of the Face

Mental Nerve Damage

Facial Muscles: Origin & Insertion

Facial Muscles: Function

Facial Nerve (CN VII)

Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System (SMAS)