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Questions and Answers
What did Tiresias warn Odysseus about?
What did Tiresias warn Odysseus about?
Who helped Odysseus after his raft was shattered by a storm?
Who helped Odysseus after his raft was shattered by a storm?
The Phaeacians
Who is Telegonus?
Who is Telegonus?
Son of Odysseus and Circe
What did Perseus slay with the help of Athena and Hermes?
What did Perseus slay with the help of Athena and Hermes?
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Who is Dictys?
Who is Dictys?
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Who fell in love with Danae and was denied?
Who fell in love with Danae and was denied?
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What are Gorgons?
What are Gorgons?
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What is the relationship between Chrysaor and Pegasus?
What is the relationship between Chrysaor and Pegasus?
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Who saved Andromeda from a sea monster?
Who saved Andromeda from a sea monster?
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Who tamed Pegasus?
Who tamed Pegasus?
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What did Chimera look like?
What did Chimera look like?
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Who transformed into a sea monster due to rejected love?
Who transformed into a sea monster due to rejected love?
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What did Galatea prefer over Polyphemus?
What did Galatea prefer over Polyphemus?
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What is the meaning of 'apotheosis'?
What is the meaning of 'apotheosis'?
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Who is the second wife of Heracles?
Who is the second wife of Heracles?
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What did Achelous wrestle Hercules for?
What did Achelous wrestle Hercules for?
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What tragic end did Iole meet?
What tragic end did Iole meet?
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What was the task completed by Hercules regarding Augeias?
What was the task completed by Hercules regarding Augeias?
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Where is Pylos located?
Where is Pylos located?
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What did Telephus do in Greek mythology?
What did Telephus do in Greek mythology?
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What does 'arete' signify?
What does 'arete' signify?
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Who is the husband of Medea?
Who is the husband of Medea?
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Who wrote 'Metamorphoses'?
Who wrote 'Metamorphoses'?
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What were the Argonauts searching for?
What were the Argonauts searching for?
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Who was the first king of Attica?
Who was the first king of Attica?
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What did Theseus slay?
What did Theseus slay?
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Who was the daughter of Aegeus?
Who was the daughter of Aegeus?
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What is 'Erechtheum'?
What is 'Erechtheum'?
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Who killed Procrustes?
Who killed Procrustes?
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Who is the son of Laertes?
Who is the son of Laertes?
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What is Ogygia known for?
What is Ogygia known for?
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Who gave Odysseus powerful wine?
Who gave Odysseus powerful wine?
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The people known as ______ fed Odysseus's men lotus plants.
The people known as ______ fed Odysseus's men lotus plants.
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What did Aeolus give to Odysseus?
What did Aeolus give to Odysseus?
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What happened to Odysseus' ships at Laestrygonians?
What happened to Odysseus' ships at Laestrygonians?
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What is Circe known for?
What is Circe known for?
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Study Notes
Cattle of Helios
- Tiresias warned Odysseus not to harm the sacred cattle of Helios, which belonged to the Sun God.
The Phaeacians
- Assisted Odysseus after Poseidon wrecked his raft during a storm.
- Provided gifts and brought him to Ithaca, where they placed him asleep on shore.
- Poseidon punished them by turning their ship and crew into stone upon entering Scheria.
Telegonus
- Son of Odysseus and Circe.
- Eventually kills Odysseus during an encounter.
Perseus
- Son of Danae and Zeus; cast into the sea with his mother in a chest.
- Slew the Gorgon Medusa with assistance from Athena and Hermes.
- Saved Andromeda from a sea monster.
Dictys
- A kind fisherman who adopted Danae and Perseus after they were cast into the ocean.
Polydectes
- King of Seriphos and brother of Dictys; in love with Danae.
- Sent Perseus on a quest to retrieve Medusa's head as a wedding gift.
Gorgons
- Three sisters, two were immortal and one mortal, who could turn anyone who looked at them to stone.
Stheno, Euryale, Medusa
- Names of the three Gorgons, with Medusa being the only mortal sister.
Chrysaor and Pegasus
- Offspring of Medusa and Poseidon, representing the duality of beauty and monstrosity.
Andromeda
- Daughter of King Cepheus and Queen Cassiepea; sacrificed to a sea monster due to her mother's vanity.
- Saved by Perseus, whom she later married.
Bellerophon
- Tamed the winged horse Pegasus; defeated the Chimera.
- Purified by King Proetus after accidentally killing his brother.
- Faced challenges including rejection from Proetus' wife and subsequent death orders from Iobates.
Pegasus
- A winged horse born from Medusa's neck upon her beheading by Perseus, who was later tamed by Bellerophon.
Chimera
- A monstrous creature with the front of a lion, the middle of a goat, and the tail of a snake, known for its fire-breathing ability.
Galatea
- A sea nymph loved by the cyclops Polyphemus, ultimately rejecting him for Acis.
Acis
- A young man transformed into a river by the gods after being killed by Polyphemus for his love with Galatea.
Glaucus
- A mortal turned sea deity who loved Scylla, but after being rejected, he was transformed by Circe into a monster.
Pyramus and Thisbe
- Two forbidden lovers who conspired to meet and met at a mulberry bush, leading to a tragic double suicide.
Apotheosis
- The process of being elevated to divine status, often seen in heroic myths.
Deianira
- Second wife of Heracles and daughter of Meleager, involved in a tragic narrative regarding her husband.
Achelous
- River god, fought Heracles for Deianira's hand in marriage.
Iphitos
- Friend of Heracles who he accidentally killed; reflecting the tragic side of Heracles' strength.
Iole
- A woman won by Heracles but denied to him following a bow contest.
Omphale of Iardanes
- Queen of the Lydians who purchased Heracles as a slave, reflecting the hero's complex narratives of strength and submission.
Tiryns
- The city from which Heracles threw his friend Iphitos.
Lichas
- The herald who delivered a fatal gift of a poisoned robe to Heracles, leading to his demise.
Nessus
- A centaur who tried to rape Deianira and was killed by Heracles, his poisoned blood becomes a tragic element in their story.
Oicles
- Killed by Laomedon for witnessing Heracles' siege on Troy.
Laomedon
- The King of Troy and father of Priam, known for defying Heracles.
Telamon
- Notable for being the first to enter Troy after its fall, gaining the daughter of Laomedon as a prize.
Heracles Callinicos
- Known as "noble victor," reflecting the honored status attributed to Heracles in mythology.
Elis
- The city-state recognized for hosting the Olympic Games, a key aspect of ancient Greek culture.
Augeias
- Owner of stables cleaned by Heracles, symbolizing one of the hero's seemingly impossible labors.
Pylos
- The kingdom ruled by Nestor, symbolizing wisdom and experience in the Trojan War.
Nestor
- The oldest and wisest Greek hero in the Trojan War; survived the era's deadly conflicts.
Auge
- Daughter of Aleos, who bears the son Telephus with Heracles.
Telephus
- The offspring of Heracles and Auge, king of the Mysians.
Pythia
- The Oracle of Apollo at Delphi, known for delivering prophecies.
Arete
- A term representing excellence, central to Greek heroism and virtue.
Jason
- Leader of the Argonauts in the quest for the Golden Fleece; his journey symbolizes adventure and heroism.
Aegeus
- King of Athens and father of Theseus, represents the significance of lineage and destiny in mythology.
Glauce/Creusa
- Betrothed to Jason, her narrative intertwines with the themes of betrayal and tragedy in his journey.
Creon
- King of Corinth, father to Glauce; his actions set into motion a tragic series of events involving Jason and Medea.
Euripides
- Renowned playwright known for tragedies, including "Medea," emphasizing strong female characters.
Ovid
- Poet known for "Metamorphoses," addressing themes of transformation and change in mythology.
Medea
- Daughter of Aeetes, a powerful sorceress deeply in love with Jason; her narrative involves loyalty, betrayal, and revenge.
Aeetes
- King of Colchis and guardian of the Golden Fleece, central to Jason's quest.
Symplegades
- Known as the "Clashing Rocks," these dangerous rocks were cleared by the Argonauts during their journey.
Harpies
- Mythical winged spirits embodying winds that plagued the seer Phineus, embodying themes of oppression.
Phineus
- A blind king gifted with prophecy, representing the intersection of foresight and suffering.
Amycus
- The Bithynian king who engaged in a boxing match with Polydeuces, reinforcing the theme of competition and heroism.
Polydeuces
- An Argonaut known for his boxing prowess, exemplifying the valor among heroes.
Colchis
- The distant kingdom of Aeetes where the Golden Fleece was located, serving as the objective in Jason's quest.
Apollonius of Rhodes
- Greek author of the "Argonautica," detailing the legendary voyage for the Golden Fleece.
Argonauts
- The heroic crew led by Jason; their adventures reflect the depth of Greek mythology and heroism.
Argonautica
- An epic poem detailing Jason's journey alongside the Argonauts, structured in four books.
Golden Fleece
- The sought-after fleece of a magical ram, central to Jason's quest and symbolizing power and kingship.
Argo
- The ship named 'swift', built by Argus with divine assistance from Athena, central to the Argonauts' journey.
Hypsipyle
- Queen of Lemnos who bore Jason a child; her narrative speaks to themes of love and abandonment.
Pelias
- Usurped Jason's throne; sent him on the quest for the Golden Fleece and was ultimately killed by Medea.
Aeson
- Jason's father, a king who succumbed to despair during his imprisonment, taking his own life.
Cretheus
- Founder of Iolcus, highlighting familial connections and the legacy of leadership.
Minyae
- Another name for the Argonauts, emphasizing their collective identity in mythology.
Autochthonous
- Referring to beings born from the earth, showing the connection between land and identity in Greek mythology.
Cecrops
- The autochthonous king of Athens integral to the city's mythology, known for his serpent-like features.
Tereus
- King of Thessaly whose brutal actions stem from lust, focusing on themes of violence and retribution.
Attica
- The region of Greece encompassing Athens, marked by foundational myths and historical significance.
Athens
- The capital city of Greece, central to political and cultural development in ancient times.
Ariadne
- Daughter of Minos who aided Theseus in escaping the Labyrinth, reflects themes of loyalty and sacrifice.
Minotaur
- A hybrid beast slain by Theseus, embodying the clash between civilization and chaos.
Minos
- The King of Crete associated with the labyrinth and the Minotaur's myth.
Erichthonius
- A mythical king associated with the earth, reflecting themes of divine heritage in Athenian history.
Daedalus
- A master craftsman known for ingenuity and tragedy; built the labyrinth and faced dire consequences.
Icarus
- Daedalus' son who flew too close to the sun, symbolizing hubris and the tragedy of ignoring warnings.
Bac
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