HIV/AIDS and TORCH Infections in Pregnancy
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Questions and Answers

What is the recommended practice regarding hand hygiene?

  • Use hand sanitizer instead of soap and water.
  • Wash hands before and after changing diapers. (correct)
  • Wash hands only when they appear dirty.
  • Wash hands only after handling food.

    • What is a primary nursing consideration for Group B Streptococcus?

  • Administering antibiotics post-delivery.
  • Providing education about the necessity of cesarean delivery. (correct)
  • Monitoring for symptoms of urinary tract infection.
  • Routine screening for all clients.

    • Which of the following is a potential complication of untreated Chlamydia?

  • Menstrual irregularities.
  • Endometriosis.
  • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID). (correct)
  • Ovarian cysts.

    • What is the recommended treatment for Chlamydia during pregnancy?

    <p>Azithromycin as a single dose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common result of gonorrhea if transmitted to the neonate?

    <p>Neonatal sepsis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which laboratory test is not typically used for diagnosing gonorrhea?

    <p>Serological assay.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy is essential for preventing Toxoplasmosis during pregnancy?

    <p>Avoiding cat litter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary nursing intervention for patients diagnosed with gonorrhea?

    <p>Counseling against multiple sexual partners.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action for a postpartum client with a history of Rubella?

    <p>Avoid crowds and young children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a consequence of untreated Chlamydia during pregnancy?

    <p>Intrauterine growth restriction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a nursing consideration for a pregnant client diagnosed with HIV?

    <p>Keep CD4 cell count greater than 500</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common complication of untreated Chlamydia during pregnancy?

    <p>Ectopic pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate nursing intervention for a client diagnosed with Syphilis?

    <p>Educate on STD transmission prevention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is most effective for Gonorrhea prevention and care?

    <p>Dual therapy with antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For effective infection control, what practice should be followed when caring for a newborn of an HIV-positive mother?

    <p>Use gloves when handling the newborn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor in managing multiple STIs during pregnancy, including Chlamydia and Gonorrhea?

    <p>Regular screening and treatment as needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary finding associated with the primary stage of syphilis?

    <p>Painless popular lesion (chancre)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended practice for managing HPV?

    <p>Administering erythromycin to newborns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is most commonly associated with trichomoniasis?

    <p>Strawberry spots on the cervix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended course of action for partners of an individual diagnosed with any STI?

    <p>Treat all partners and ensure retesting in 3–4 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the latent phase of syphilis characterized by?

    <p>No expected findings of syphilis present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following treatments is contraindicated during pregnancy for HPV?

    <p>Podophyllin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which laboratory test is commonly used to detect syphilis?

    <p>Nontreponemal tests (VDRL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common presentation of HPV infection?

    <p>Cervical abnormalities detected by Pap test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant nursing care consideration for patients undergoing treatment for bacterial vaginosis?

    <p>Advise against the consumption of alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary finding associated with candidiasis?

    <p>Thick, creamy, white discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended nursing intervention to prevent recurrent candidiasis?

    <p>Include yogurt with active cultures in the diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is contraindicated during the first trimester of pregnancy when treating bacterial vaginosis?

    <p>Intravaginal Metronidazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct pH level indicative of a candidiasis infection during laboratory testing?

    <p>Less than 4.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication can occur if Chlamydia infection is left untreated?

    <p>Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action for a mother with a history of HSV during the third trimester of pregnancy?

    <p>Opt for a Cesarean birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a finding associated with Gonorrhea?

    <p>Gestational diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate laboratory test to diagnose Chlamydia?

    <p>Endocervical swab culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is recommended for treating Chlamydia in pregnant women?

    <p>Amoxicillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be instructed to clients regarding their partners when diagnosed with Chlamydia?

    <p>Treat all exposed sex partners</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can result from a neonate contracting Gonorrhea during delivery?

    <p>Neonatal sepsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What crucial nursing care should be provided regarding cytomegalovirus (CMV)?

    <p>Educate on proper hand washing techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary goals of nursing care during the antenatal period for a mother with HIV?

    <p>Keep CD4 cell count above 500</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended nursing intervention for postpartum care of a mother with HIV?

    <p>Allow skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What medication is generally administered during labor for mothers with HIV?

    <p>Zidovudine intravenously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary prevention strategy recommended for reducing the risk of toxoplasmosis during pregnancy?

    <p>Avoiding contact with cat litter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which TORCH infection is associated with significant risk if contracted during pregnancy and is recommended to be avoided through immunization?

    <p>Rubella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common finding associated with HIV infection?

    <p>Fatigue and diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended nursing action for a mother diagnosed with herpes simplex virus during pregnancy?

    <p>Instructing patients to avoid direct contact with newborns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What intervention should be avoided for pregnant women with HIV?

    <p>Breastfeeding the newborn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is characteristic of primary syphilis?

    <p>Painless chancre</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common laboratory test for diagnosing HPV?

    <p>Pap test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key nursing care should be provided for a patient with genital warts?

    <p>Use oatmeal baths and wear loose fitting clothes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the expected findings for trichomoniasis?

    <p>Yellow-green, frothy vaginal discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the latent phase of syphilis indicate?

    <p>Absence of expected findings of syphilis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is contraindicated during pregnancy for HPV treatment?

    <p>Podophyllin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of discharge is typically associated with trichomoniasis?

    <p>Yellow-green, frothy discharge with foul odor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of safe sex practices, what should be advised to individuals diagnosed with STIs?

    <p>Adhere to safe sex practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    HIV/AIDS Effects on Pregnancy and Newborn

    • Risk Factors: Multiple sexual partners, IV drug use, history of STIs
    • Findings: Fatigue, diarrhea, flu-like symptoms, blood and urine tests before birth, viral load levels
    • Nursing Care (Antepartum): Maintain CD4 cell count over 500, keep viral load low
    • Nursing Care (Intrapartum): Administer IV zidovudine (except those with CD4<1000)
    • Nursing Care (Postpartum): Specialist consultation, avoid breastfeeding, wear gloves, and early baby bath.
    • Medications: Antiretroviral Therapy (ART), highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), triple antiretroviral (PO) therapy, decreasing transmission to the baby
    • Client Education: Importance of medication adherence and safe sexual practices.

    TORCH Infections

    • Toxoplasmosis: Risk factors include contact with cat litter. Prevent infection during pregnancy through careful hygiene
    • Rubella: Vaccination received after birth; avoid pregnancy for at least one month.
    • HSV (Herpes Simplex Virus): Direct contact, direct contact (oral), and transmitted through sexual contact
    • Cytomegalovirus: Spread through contact with bodily fluids, such as semen, feces, blood, or breast milk
    • Other Infections: Hepatitis A, B, Syphilis, Mumps, Parvovirus, and Varicella-Zoster

    Group B Streptococcus

    • Findings: Laboratory tests, nursing care, and education are important.
    • Complications: PID, premature rupture of membranes, preterm labor, and postpartum endometritis with potential for neonatal conjunctivitis, ophthalmia neonatorum, or pneumonia.

    Chlamydia

    • Complications: PID if untreated, and potential complications if passed to the newborn

    Syphilis

    • Stages: Primary (painless sores), secondary (skin rash), and tertiary (organ damage)
    • Findings: notice of a chancre (lesion), skin rashes on palms and soles of the feet, difficulty coordinating movement, blindness
    • Lab Tests: Nontreponemal tests (VDRL and rapid plasma regain), Treponemal tests (darkfield examination of the primary lesion)
    • Nursing Care: Education and lesion care

    HPV

    • Findings: Spread through vaginal or anal sex, can lead to genital warts, abnormal changes in the cervix that can be detected through Pap tests
    • Lab Tests: Pap tests for genital warts are diagnosed by the provider based on appearance
    • Nursing Care: Cesarean birth is possible, care for lesions, and proper hygiene

    Trichomoniasis

    • Findings: vaginal discharge, dyspareunia, vaginal itching

    Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

    • Findings: Dysuria, urinary frequency, spotting or postcoital bleeding, vulvar itching, gray-white discharge
    • Laboratory Tests: Cervical discharge swab culture, urine culture
    • Nursing Care: Educate patients on proper hygiene, treatment of all exposed sex partners, and testing in 3-4 weeks, as well as maintaining sexual health

    Gonorrhea

    • Findings: Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), salpingitis, PROM, preterm birth, and chorionamnionitis.
    • Laboratory Tests: Endocervical culture, urine cultures, and anal or oral cultures
    • Nursing Care: Identify and treat sexual partners, provide education on disease transmission, and prescribe antibiotics

    Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)

    • Findings: vaginal pruritus, milky (gray, white) discharge, fishy odor
    • Laboratory Tests: WHIFF test positive for fishy odor
    • Nursing Care: Administer medications as prescribed and patient education.

    Candidiasis (Yeast Infection)

    • Findings: Speculum exam reveals thick, creamy, white, cottage cheese-like vaginal discharge, vulvar and vaginal erythema, white patches on vaginal wall
    • Nursing Care: Patient education and medication if needed

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    Infections Chapter 8 PDF

    Description

    Explore the impacts of HIV/AIDS and TORCH infections on pregnancy and newborns. This quiz covers risk factors, nursing care, medications, and client education for managing these conditions effectively. Learn essential guidelines to ensure the health of both mother and baby.

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