HIV/AIDS and TORCH Infections in Pregnancy

<p>Azithromycin as a single dose. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neonatal sepsis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serological assay. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Avoiding cat litter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Counseling against multiple sexual partners. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Avoid crowds and young children (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intrauterine growth restriction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Keep CD4 cell count greater than 500 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ectopic pregnancy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Educate on STD transmission prevention (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dual therapy with antibiotics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use gloves when handling the newborn (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regular screening and treatment as needed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Painless popular lesion (chancre) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Administering erythromycin to newborns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strawberry spots on the cervix (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Treat all partners and ensure retesting in 3–4 weeks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No expected findings of syphilis present (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Podophyllin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nontreponemal tests (VDRL) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cervical abnormalities detected by Pap test (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Advise against the consumption of alcohol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thick, creamy, white discharge (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Include yogurt with active cultures in the diet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intravaginal Metronidazole (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Less than 4.5 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Opt for a Cesarean birth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gestational diabetes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endocervical swab culture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amoxicillin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Treat all exposed sex partners (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neonatal sepsis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Educate on proper hand washing techniques (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Keep CD4 cell count above 500 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Allow skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zidovudine intravenously (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Avoiding contact with cat litter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rubella (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fatigue and diarrhea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Instructing patients to avoid direct contact with newborns (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breastfeeding the newborn (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Painless chancre (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pap test (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use oatmeal baths and wear loose fitting clothes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yellow-green, frothy vaginal discharge (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absence of expected findings of syphilis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Podophyllin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yellow-green, frothy discharge with foul odor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adhere to safe sex practices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Syphilis progresses through stages with different symptoms. Primary syphilis presents with a chancre, secondary with skin rashes, latent with no symptoms and tertiary with organ damage.

Syphilis is diagnosed using nontreponemal tests (VDRL, RPR) and treponemal tests, along with a darkfield examination of the primary lesion.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is spread sexually and can cause genital warts or cervical abnormalities detectable by Pap tests.

HPV treatment includes lesion care: cleaning and keeping the area dry, loose-fitting clothes. Medications like TCA, podophyllin, and cryotherapy may also be used.

Trichomoniasis is identified by yellow-green, frothy vaginal discharge with a foul odor, dyspareunia, itching, and dysuria.

A wet mount saline preparation is used to diagnose trichomoniasis by microscopically detecting the parasite.

All sexual partners should be identified and treated for STIs. Medications, such as erythromycin for newborns, and retesting later are necessary.

HPV infections may lead to complications like abnormal cervical changes, requiring interventions like cesarean sections.

HIV can negatively impact a pregnant person and their baby. It is vital to monitor and manage the risk by carefully selecting appropriate antiviral therapies and providing excellent prenatal care.

Factors increasing HIV vulnerability include IV drug use, multiple sexual partners, and a history of STIs.

Blood and urine tests are performed before birth to determine HIV status and viral load levels.

A group of infections (Toxoplasmosis, Other, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes) that can be transmitted to a fetus before or during birth.

Careful handling of cat litter and proper food preparation are vital to prevention and reduce the risk of this transmission.

Postpartum care requires specialist involvement for the born baby, breastfeeding is avoided, and necessary precautions to prevent transmission should be implemented by healthcare providers.

Oral medication throughout pregnancy reduces the risk of transmitting HIV to the baby.

CMV is a common infection that can cause complications in a developing fetus if contracted during pregnancy. It is important to reinforce preventative measures.

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) in pregnant women may lead to Cesarean delivery; the pregnant woman should be screened prior to delivery for a confirmed HSV history. Avoiding intercourse during 3rd trimester and practicing proper hygiene may help prevent transmission.

GBS is a bacterial infection in a pregnant person that can potentially pass to a baby. Screening, tests, and care are important to prevent harm to the newborn.

Chlamydia in pregnancy can cause symptoms or be asymptomatic. Symptoms may include dysuria, urinary frequency, spotting, bleeding, and discharge.

Chlamydia treatment in pregnancy is usually antibiotics, like azithromycin or amoxicillin, safe for pregnancy and breastfeeding. All sexual partners should also be tested and treated, and repeat testing is common after treatment.

Gonorrhea in pregnancy can result in pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), preterm labor, and potentially blindness or sepsis in the newborn.

Gonorrhea is diagnosed through cultures of cervical, urine, anal, and oral samples to identify the presence of the bacterium in the body.

Nursing care for a pregnant person with gonorrhea involves client education about disease transmission to other partners, and treatment for everyone involved.

HIV can be transmitted from a pregnant woman to her baby during pregnancy, labor, delivery, or breastfeeding.

During labor, IV zidovudine (AZT) is administered unless the mother's CD4 count is less than 1000.

To prevent Toxoplasmosis, avoid contact with cat litter, wash hands thoroughly after handling raw meat, and cook food properly.

Avoid contact with individuals who have a rash, and get vaccinated before becoming pregnant if your immunity is low.

CMV can be spread through bodily fluids like saliva, urine, blood, and breast milk.

Avoid direct contact with sores, use barrier protection during sexual activity, and talk to your doctor about antiviral medications.

The first stage of syphilis characterized by a painless, firm sore called a chancre, usually appearing at the site of infection.

The second stage of syphilis, occurring weeks or months after the primary stage, is marked by a widespread rash, often on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, as well as fever, fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes.

The late stage of syphilis, occurring years after infection, can lead to severe damage to internal organs, including the heart, brain, and nervous system. This can cause symptoms like difficulty coordinating muscle movement, blindness, and even death.

Caused by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), genital warts are small, flesh-colored growths that usually appear on the genitals, anus, or surrounding areas.

A characteristic sign of trichomoniasis is a yellow-green, frothy vaginal discharge with a distinctive foul odor. Other symptoms include itching, burning, and pain during intercourse.

To diagnose syphilis, both nontreponemal (VDRL and RPR) and treponemal tests are used. A darkfield examination of the primary lesion may also be performed.

To reduce the risk of CMV transmission to the baby, good hygiene practices such as handwashing before and after handling food or diapers are essential.

Pregnant women are routinely screened for GBS in the late stages of pregnancy. If positive, antibiotics are given during labor to protect the baby.

Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted infection that can lead to complications during pregnancy, affecting both the mother and the baby.

Treatment involves antibiotics, like azithromycin or amoxicillin, and all sexual partners should receive treatment. Avoiding risky sexual behaviors helps prevent chlamydia.

Gonorrhea is another common STI that can cause serious complications during pregnancy, affecting the mother and the baby.

Treatment involves antibiotics, and all sexual partners should be treated. Safe sexual practices are essential to prevent transmission.

A common vaginal infection caused by an imbalance of bacteria, often causing milky white discharge with a fishy odor.

A diagnostic test for BV where a healthcare provider adds potassium hydroxide to the vaginal discharge, producing a strong fishy odor if BV is present.

A fungal infection of the vagina, often causing thick, white, cottage cheese-like discharge and vaginal itching.

Diagnosis involves a visual exam, a wet mount smear, and a pH test of the vaginal discharge, often showing a pH less than 4.5.

Treatment focuses on reducing inflammation, avoiding douching, and maintaining good hygiene. Tight clothing and dampness should be avoided.