HIV Infection Process

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What type of immune system cell does HIV infect?

B Cell

T-Killer Cell

T Helper Cell (correct)

Monocyte

Why do viruses need to use host proteins to reproduce?

Because they are not living organisms

Because they have a limited genome (correct)

Because they have a large genome

Because they are parasitic

What is the goal of scientific models, such as the one used to understand HIV infection?

To create physically accurate representations

To simplify complex biological processes

To replicate the virus in a lab

To guide an understanding of the process (correct)

How many T-cells are typically found in one milliliter of blood?

1 million (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of HIV slowly reducing the number of T-cells in the blood?

The development of AIDS (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why are viruses not considered living organisms?

Because they are not capable of reproducing on their own (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the protease enzyme in the viral life cycle?

To assemble the virus during the last step of the infection (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the reverse transcriptase enzyme in the HIV virus?

To convert the viral RNA to DNA (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why are retroviruses particularly difficult to develop vaccines for?

Because their genetic material is prone to mutations (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the integrase enzyme in the HIV virus?

To integrate the viral genetic material into the host DNA (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the reverse transcription process in the HIV virus?

The production of a double-stranded DNA molecule (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the viral DNA after it is transported into the nucleus?

The host cell's normal DNA (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the layer of proteins within the lipid membrane of HIV?

Capsule (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the envelope proteins in HIV?

To attach to the host cell (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of CD4 antigens in HIV infection?

To attach the virus to the host cell (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the outermost layer of the HIV virus?

Lipid membrane (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is contained within the virion core of HIV?

RNA and associated proteins (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the type of cells that HIV attaches to?

T Helper cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of RNA polymerase in the viral replication process?

To transcribe the viral DNA into RNA (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the short spliced RNAs in the viral replication process?

To provide the instructions for making viral proteins (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the protease enzyme in the viral replication process?

To assemble the proteins into their final functional forms (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the host cell DNA and the viral DNA?

The viral DNA is a section of the host cell DNA (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the golgi apparatus in the viral replication process?

To construct viral proteins (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the long spliced RNAs in the viral replication process?

To become the core of new viruses (C) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the process of budding of a mature virus from its host cell?

The host cell is destroyed. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of reverse transcriptase in HIV infection?

To transcribe viral RNA into DNA. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What proteins are packaged in a virus?

Integrase, protease, and reverse transcriptase. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (INSTI) work?

By blocking the action of integrase. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of protease inhibitors in treating HIV?

To block the proteolytic cleavage of viral polyproteins. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it more difficult to develop a vaccine for a retrovirus?

Because it can integrate into the host genome. (D) Signup and view all the answers