30 Questions
What type of immune system cell does HIV infect?
T Helper Cell
Why do viruses need to use host proteins to reproduce?
Because they have a limited genome
What is the goal of scientific models, such as the one used to understand HIV infection?
To guide an understanding of the process
How many T-cells are typically found in one milliliter of blood?
1 million
What is the result of HIV slowly reducing the number of T-cells in the blood?
The development of AIDS
Why are viruses not considered living organisms?
Because they are not capable of reproducing on their own
What is the primary function of the protease enzyme in the viral life cycle?
To assemble the virus during the last step of the infection
What is the purpose of the reverse transcriptase enzyme in the HIV virus?
To convert the viral RNA to DNA
Why are retroviruses particularly difficult to develop vaccines for?
Because their genetic material is prone to mutations
What is the purpose of the integrase enzyme in the HIV virus?
To integrate the viral genetic material into the host DNA
What is the result of the reverse transcription process in the HIV virus?
The production of a double-stranded DNA molecule
What is the location of the viral DNA after it is transported into the nucleus?
The host cell's normal DNA
What is the term for the layer of proteins within the lipid membrane of HIV?
Capsule
What is the purpose of the envelope proteins in HIV?
To attach to the host cell
What is the function of CD4 antigens in HIV infection?
To attach the virus to the host cell
What is the term for the outermost layer of the HIV virus?
Lipid membrane
What is contained within the virion core of HIV?
RNA and associated proteins
What is the name of the type of cells that HIV attaches to?
T Helper cells
What is the role of RNA polymerase in the viral replication process?
To transcribe the viral DNA into RNA
What is the purpose of the short spliced RNAs in the viral replication process?
To provide the instructions for making viral proteins
What is the function of the protease enzyme in the viral replication process?
To assemble the proteins into their final functional forms
What is the relationship between the host cell DNA and the viral DNA?
The viral DNA is a section of the host cell DNA
What is the role of the golgi apparatus in the viral replication process?
To construct viral proteins
What is the purpose of the long spliced RNAs in the viral replication process?
To become the core of new viruses
What occurs during the process of budding of a mature virus from its host cell?
The host cell is destroyed.
What is the function of reverse transcriptase in HIV infection?
To transcribe viral RNA into DNA.
What proteins are packaged in a virus?
Integrase, protease, and reverse transcriptase.
How do Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (INSTI) work?
By blocking the action of integrase.
What is the function of protease inhibitors in treating HIV?
To block the proteolytic cleavage of viral polyproteins.
Why is it more difficult to develop a vaccine for a retrovirus?
Because it can integrate into the host genome.
This quiz will test your understanding of how HIV infects cells and reproduces using the host cell's proteins. Learn about the parasitic nature of viruses and how they rely on the host cell for reproduction.
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