28 Questions
What is the main purpose of comparing disease occurrence during different periods of time?
To assess the change in disease occurrence over time
Why are diseases more likely to occur in some members of the population than others?
Because of non-random distribution of risk factors
Which type of rate is used to measure the frequency of disease in different areas with varying populations?
Attack rate
In epidemiology, what is the primary purpose of identifying persons at increased risk for a disease?
To initiate targeted interventions
Why are a number of epidemiologic methods used to search for causes of disease?
To identify risk factors that contribute to disease occurrence
What is the natural history of disease?
The progression of a disease process in an individual over time in the absence of treatment
What is the purpose of screening programs according to the text?
To identify disease process during sub-clinical stage for successful interventions
At what stage in the natural history of disease are patients symptomatic?
Stage of clinical disease
What could halt the progression of a disease process according to the text?
Therapeutic measures or preventive interventions
What is the role of HIV in AIDS according to the text?
HIV is a necessary cause of AIDS
Why do some persons never progress to the clinical stage of a disease according to the text?
Because they have strong immune systems
Which of the following is NOT considered a category of agent in the Epidemiologic Triad model?
Psychological
In the Epidemiologic Triad model, the environment consists of factors that affect the agent and the opportunity for exposure. Which term refers to factors that directly influence contact between the host and the agent?
Extrinsic factors
According to the Epidemiologic Triad model, which component brings the agent and susceptible host together?
Environment
Which of the following is NOT listed as a category under 'Agent' in the Epidemiologic Triad model?
Social agents
In the Epidemiologic Triad model, what does 'environment' primarily provide that aids in disease transmission?
Opportunity for exposure
What type of carrier is capable of transmitting a disease before showing clinical symptoms?
Chronic carrier
When does a nosocomial infection occur in a healthcare facility according to the text?
After admission, before discharge, up to post-surgery
Which pattern of disease occurrence involves persistent low to moderate levels of disease?
Endemic
What is the defining characteristic of a pandemic?
Occurs over several countries or continents affecting a large number of people
In epidemiology, what do epidemic curves depict?
Distribution of incident cases over time
How are epidemics classified based on the manner in which they spread?
Common source, propagated, mixed, and other
What type of outbreak is characterized by a group being exposed for a brief period and developing the disease within one incubation period?
Point Source Outbreak
Which type of outbreak shows an irregular pattern of cases due to repeated exposures over days, weeks, or longer?
Intermittent Outbreak
In a Common Source Outbreak, what does a wide epidemic curve with a flattened peak indicate?
Long duration of source
Which type of outbreak involves cases being continuously exposed over an extended period, such as contaminated water supply?
Continuous Outbreak
What characterizes a Propagated Outbreak in terms of disease spread?
Gradual increasing spread from person to person
Which type of outbreak does not have a common source and spreads gradually from person to person?
Propagated Outbreak
Learn about the relationship between HIV and AIDS, and understand the concept of the Causal Pie Model. Explore the natural history of disease, including the progression of a disease process in an individual over time in the absence of treatment.
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