HIV and AIDS Quiz (BMS Learning Outcomes)

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Questions and Answers

What is the term used to describe the syndrome resulting from severe damage to the immune system by HIV?

Cancer

Immunodeficiency

AIDS (correct)

Autoimmunity

What is the most infectious stage of HIV?

Asymptomatic stage

Symptomatic stage

Late-stage HIV

Seroconversion illness (correct)

Which of the following is a sign of symptomatic HIV?

Chronic cough (correct)

Rash

Frequent headaches

Severe fatigue

Which infection is commonly associated with late-stage HIV?

Tuberculosis Signup and view all the answers

What type of cancer is associated with HIV due to the herpes virus type 8?

Karposi sarcoma Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential symptom of candidiasis in individuals with weakened immune systems due to HIV?

White plaques in the mouth Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of HIV Stage 2?

Asymptomatic with active virus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the HIV stages is true?

Stage 4 includes severe bacterial infections. Signup and view all the answers

What can indicate a severe immune system compromise in individuals with HIV?

Raised blue and red lumps Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a method to prevent the transmission of HIV?

Consistent use of condoms Signup and view all the answers

What bodily fluids can transmit HIV?

Semen and vaginal fluids Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of anti-HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP)?

To reduce the risk of infection after potential exposure Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of antiretroviral therapy (ART)?

To prevent the replication of the virus Signup and view all the answers

What is considered an undetectable viral load in the context of HIV management?

Less than 200 copies per milliliter Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is NOT associated with an increased risk of HIV transmission?

Alcohol Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the CD4 count in a healthy person?

It indicates the immune system's strength Signup and view all the answers

How long after potential HIV exposure should negative tests be repeated?

6, 12, and 24 weeks Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a form of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV?

Taking Truvada daily Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

HIV and AIDS: A Comprehensive Overview

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus): A virus that weakens the immune system.
AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome): A collection of infections and illnesses that develop when HIV severely damages the immune system.
Immunodeficiency: A weakened immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections, cancers, and other diseases.

Stages of HIV Infection

Stage 1: Seroconversion Illness (Primary or Acute): Occurs up to 6 weeks after infection. Characterized by a short illness, often flu-like, and asymptomatic in some cases. This is the most infectious stage.
Stage 2: Asymptomatic Stage: The virus is active, but there are no symptoms. This stage can last for years.
Stage 3: Symptomatic Stage: The immune system weakens, manifesting in symptoms such as swollen lymph nodes, weight loss, fever, diarrhea, and cough. This stage persists longer without treatment.
Stage 4: Late-Stage HIV (Untreated): This stage leads to serious complications, including:
- Opportunistic Infections: Tuberculosis (lung infection), cancers (e.g., non-Hodgkin lymphoma, cervical cancer), severe bacterial infections, cryptococcal meningitis (brain infection), Kaposi's sarcoma (blood cancer).
- Wasting Syndrome (Cachexia): Sudden weight loss due to muscle breakdown.

Signs and Symptoms of HIV

Kaposi's Sarcoma: Raised blue or red lumps on skin and mouth.
Candidiasis (oral thrush): Fungal infection (yeast), white plaques on the mouth; removable sore mouth, phlegm, chronic cough, dysphagia.
Hairy Leukoplakia: White patches in the mouth; a sign of a weakened immune system.

Risk Factors & Transmission

Transmission: HIV spreads through bodily fluids including semen, vaginal and anal fluids, blood, and breast milk. It is not transmitted through saliva, sweat, or urine.
Risk Factors: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like herpes, syphilis, and bacterial vaginosis increase HIV risk. Sharing needles and syringes (medical, drug-related, or piercing) also pose risks.

Prevention and Treatment

Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP): Anti-HIV medication taken within 72 hours after possible exposure.
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP): HIV preventative medication.
Antiretroviral Therapy (ART): Medications to stop virus replication. Treatment goals include achieving an undetectable viral load.
Viral Load: The amount of HIV in the blood. Undetectable viral load (U=U) refers to a level below 200 copies.
CD4 Count: Healthy CD4 cell count is usually above 500 cells/mm³.
Testing: Negative HIV tests should be repeated at 6, 12, and 24 weeks after potential exposure.

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Description

Explore the complexities of HIV and AIDS through this comprehensive quiz. Understand the various stages of HIV infection and how it affects the immune system. Test your knowledge about the virus, its impact, and the importance of awareness.