HIV and AIDS Quiz (BMS Learning Outcomes)
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Questions and Answers

What is the term used to describe the syndrome resulting from severe damage to the immune system by HIV?

  • Cancer
  • Immunodeficiency
  • AIDS (correct)
  • Autoimmunity

    • What is the most infectious stage of HIV?

  • Asymptomatic stage
  • Symptomatic stage
  • Late-stage HIV
  • Seroconversion illness (correct)

    • Which of the following is a sign of symptomatic HIV?

  • Chronic cough (correct)
  • Rash
  • Frequent headaches
  • Severe fatigue

    • Which infection is commonly associated with late-stage HIV?

    <p>Tuberculosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cancer is associated with HIV due to the herpes virus type 8?

    <p>Karposi sarcoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential symptom of candidiasis in individuals with weakened immune systems due to HIV?

    <p>White plaques in the mouth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of HIV Stage 2?

    <p>Asymptomatic with active virus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the HIV stages is true?

    <p>Stage 4 includes severe bacterial infections. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can indicate a severe immune system compromise in individuals with HIV?

    <p>Raised blue and red lumps (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a method to prevent the transmission of HIV?

    <p>Consistent use of condoms (C), Taking antiretroviral medications (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What bodily fluids can transmit HIV?

    <p>Semen and vaginal fluids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of anti-HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP)?

    <p>To reduce the risk of infection after potential exposure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of antiretroviral therapy (ART)?

    <p>To prevent the replication of the virus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered an undetectable viral load in the context of HIV management?

    <p>Less than 200 copies per milliliter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is NOT associated with an increased risk of HIV transmission?

    <p>Alcohol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the CD4 count in a healthy person?

    <p>It indicates the immune system's strength (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long after potential HIV exposure should negative tests be repeated?

    <p>6, 12, and 24 weeks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a form of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV?

    <p>Taking Truvada daily (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)

    A virus that attacks the immune system, weakening it and making it more susceptible to infections.

    AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)

    A condition caused by a severely weakened immune system due to HIV infection.

    Immunodeficiency

    A state of having a weakened immune system, making an individual vulnerable to infections.

    HIV Stage 1: Seroconversion Illness

    The first stage of HIV infection, often with flu-like symptoms or no symptoms at all. This is also the most contagious stage.

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    HIV Stage 2: Asymptomatic Stage

    The second stage of HIV infection where the virus is active but there are no noticeable symptoms. This stage can last for years.

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    HIV Stage 3: Symptomatic Stage

    The third stage of HIV infection where the immune system starts to weaken and symptoms can appear. This stage can last for years without treatment.

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    HIV Stage 4: Late-Stage HIV

    The final stage of HIV infection, where the immune system is severely compromised, leading to serious infections and illnesses. Without treatment, it can lead to death.

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    Kaposi's Sarcoma

    A type of cancer caused by a virus that affects the blood vessels, resulting in purple or red bumps on the skin and in the mouth.

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    Candidiasis

    A fungal infection caused by the yeast Candida that can cause white patches in the mouth, throat, and vagina.

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    Modifiable cancer risk factors

    These are cancer risk factors that can be lowered or avoided by changing lifestyle choices.

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    How is HIV transmitted?

    HIV can be spread through bodily fluids like semen, vaginal and anal fluids, blood and breast milk. It cannot be spread through saliva, sweat or urine.

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    What STIs increase HIV risk?

    Certain sexually transmitted infections, like herpes, bacterial vaginosis, and syphilis, can increase the risk of HIV transmission.

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    How can needles spread HIV?

    Sharing contaminated needles, whether for medical purposes, drug use, or piercings, can increase the risk of HIV transmission.

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    What is PEP?

    PEP is a medication taken within 72 hours of potential HIV exposure to significantly reduce the risk of infection.

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    How often are HIV tests repeated?

    After potential HIV exposure, negative tests should be repeated at 6, 12, and 24 weeks to ensure accuracy.

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    What do antiretroviral medications (ART) do?

    Antiretroviral medications (ART) prevent the virus from replicating in the body, aiming for an undetectable viral load.

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    What is viral load, and what is U=U?

    Viral load refers to the amount of HIV in the blood. U=U (undetectable equals untransmittable) means having less than 200 copies of HIV in the blood, making transmission highly unlikely.

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    What is PrEP?

    Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a medication taken daily to prevent HIV infection in individuals at high risk.

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    Study Notes

    HIV and AIDS: A Comprehensive Overview

    • HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus): A virus that weakens the immune system.
    • AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome): A collection of infections and illnesses that develop when HIV severely damages the immune system.
    • Immunodeficiency: A weakened immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections, cancers, and other diseases.

    Stages of HIV Infection

    • Stage 1: Seroconversion Illness (Primary or Acute): Occurs up to 6 weeks after infection. Characterized by a short illness, often flu-like, and asymptomatic in some cases. This is the most infectious stage.
    • Stage 2: Asymptomatic Stage: The virus is active, but there are no symptoms. This stage can last for years.
    • Stage 3: Symptomatic Stage: The immune system weakens, manifesting in symptoms such as swollen lymph nodes, weight loss, fever, diarrhea, and cough. This stage persists longer without treatment.
    • Stage 4: Late-Stage HIV (Untreated): This stage leads to serious complications, including:
      • Opportunistic Infections: Tuberculosis (lung infection), cancers (e.g., non-Hodgkin lymphoma, cervical cancer), severe bacterial infections, cryptococcal meningitis (brain infection), Kaposi's sarcoma (blood cancer).
      • Wasting Syndrome (Cachexia): Sudden weight loss due to muscle breakdown.

    Signs and Symptoms of HIV

    • Kaposi's Sarcoma: Raised blue or red lumps on skin and mouth.
    • Candidiasis (oral thrush): Fungal infection (yeast), white plaques on the mouth; removable sore mouth, phlegm, chronic cough, dysphagia.
    • Hairy Leukoplakia: White patches in the mouth; a sign of a weakened immune system.

    Risk Factors & Transmission

    • Transmission: HIV spreads through bodily fluids including semen, vaginal and anal fluids, blood, and breast milk. It is not transmitted through saliva, sweat, or urine.
    • Risk Factors: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like herpes, syphilis, and bacterial vaginosis increase HIV risk. Sharing needles and syringes (medical, drug-related, or piercing) also pose risks.

    Prevention and Treatment

    • Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP): Anti-HIV medication taken within 72 hours after possible exposure.

    • Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP): HIV preventative medication.

    • Antiretroviral Therapy (ART): Medications to stop virus replication. Treatment goals include achieving an undetectable viral load.

    • Viral Load: The amount of HIV in the blood. Undetectable viral load (U=U) refers to a level below 200 copies.

    • CD4 Count: Healthy CD4 cell count is usually above 500 cells/mm³.

    • Testing: Negative HIV tests should be repeated at 6, 12, and 24 weeks after potential exposure.

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    Description

    Explore the complexities of HIV and AIDS through this comprehensive quiz. Understand the various stages of HIV infection and how it affects the immune system. Test your knowledge about the virus, its impact, and the importance of awareness.

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