HIV and AIDS Causal Relationship
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Questions and Answers

Which step in the epidemiological approach involves describing cases in terms of time, place, and person?

  • Dividing
  • Comparing
  • Counting (correct)
  • Establishing case definition

What is the purpose of dividing the number of cases by an appropriate denominator in epidemiology?

  • To establish case definitions
  • To count the number of cases accurately
  • To compare rates over time or different groups of people (correct)
  • To describe cases in terms of time, place, and person

Which concept in epidemiology involves the calculation of rates based on the number of cases and the appropriate denominator?

  • Comparing
  • Establishing case definition
  • Counting
  • Dividing (correct)

What is the main focus of establishing a case definition in epidemiology?

<p>Describing and defining cases clearly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step in the epidemiological approach involves comparing rates over time or between different groups of people?

<p>Comparing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does counting cases help with in epidemiology?

<p>Describing cases in detail (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common zoonotic disease mentioned in the text?

<p>Anthrax (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do scabies mites typically exit the host's body?

<p>Via skin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a mode of transmission where the agent is carried by arthropods but does not undergo changes in the arthropod's body?

<p>Vector transmission (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the body serves as a portal of entry for pathogens?

<p>Respiratory tract (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is caused by a parasite with a complex life cycle and is transmitted by insects?

<p>Malaria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do cholera bacteria typically exit the host's body?

<p>Via faeces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the proportion of exposed persons who become infected?

<p>Infectivity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which the pattern of mortality and disease is transformed from high mortality among infants to degenerative diseases?

<p>Epidemiologic transition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the natural history of a disease?

<p>The progression of a disease process in an individual over time without treatment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which conditions are listed as the leading causes of death in Jamaica according to the text?

<p>Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, cancers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of screening programs in relation to disease progression?

<p>To identify disease processes during the sub-clinical stage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which document outlines the Ten Year Strategic Plan 2019-2030 for Jamaica?

<p>Vision 2030 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of a disease represents when a patient is symptomatic?

<p>Stage of clinical disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What proportion is defined as the proportion of persons with clinical disease who become severely ill or die?

<p>Virulence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may halt the progression of a disease according to the text?

<p>Preventive or therapeutic measures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'national health goals and strategies' refer to in the text?

<p>National Health Fund (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the natural history of a disease, what does the incubation period refer to?

<p>Sub-clinical stage where no symptoms are present (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common aim of screening programs as mentioned in the text?

<p>To identify carriers who will never progress to clinical stage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a standard case definition in epidemiology?

<p>To ensure all cases are diagnosed in the same manner for comparability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are standard case definitions essential in epidemiology?

<p>To ensure a real difference rather than variation in diagnosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a probable case according to the example given for measles cases?

<p>Meets clinical case definition but no confirmed lab testing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might some cases be permanently labeled as 'suspect' or 'probable'?

<p>Because officials believe unnecessary testing is wasteful (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a sensitive case definition in epidemiology?

<p>To be used for potentially severe communicable diseases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What components do case definitions for outbreak investigations consist of?

<p>Clinical criteria and limitations on time, place, and person (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates a confirmed case from a probable case according to the example provided?

<p>Confirmed cases have confirmed laboratory results (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do standard case definitions help in comparing disease occurrences?

<p>By ensuring all cases are diagnosed uniformly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may lead to a case being permanently labeled as 'suspect' or 'probable'?

<p>Officials deeming unnecessary testing wasteful (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a sensitive case definition in epidemiology?

<p>To be used for rare but severe communicable diseases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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