8 Questions
What is the primary focus of the science of history?
The study of human society from its origins to the present
What type of sources are documents written by historians and other professionals?
Secondary sources
Which of the following sciences is concerned with the study of the Earth's physical features and human relationships with the environment?
Geography
During which period of the Stone Age did humans learn to make fire?
Paleolithic
What was the primary metal used during the Copper Age?
Copper
Which theory of human origins is based on religious doctrine?
Creationist theory
What was the primary characteristic of Homo habilis?
Ability to use tools
What type of sources are photographs, films, and television recordings?
Audiovisual sources
Study Notes
What is History?
- History is a science that studies human society from its origin to the present day.
Sources of History
- Primary sources:
- Written: newspapers, letters, laws
- Oral: myths, legends, songs
- Material: constructions, ceramics, weapons
- Audiovisual: films, photographs, TV
- Graphic: drawings, paintings
- Secondary sources: documents elaborated by historians and professionals, including biographies, theses, and books.
Auxiliary Sciences of History
- Archaeology: explores material remains of the past.
- Geography: studies the relationship between humans and the natural environment.
- Numismatics: studies coins and medals.
- Paleontology: analyzes fossil remains of living beings.
- Cartography: specializes in the representation of geographical spaces.
Stages of Prehistory
Edad de Piedra (Stone Age)
- Paleolithic (2.5 million - 10,000 BCE)
- Nomadic lifestyle, living from hunting, fishing, and gathering
- Learning to make fire
- Cave art
- Mesolithic (10,000 - 6,000 BCE)
- Beginning of pottery
- Use of hooks, nets, and canoes
- Funeral rituals
- Neolithic (6,000 BCE)
- Emergence of agriculture
- Emergence of livestock
- First cities
Edad de los Metales (Age of Metals)
- Copper (first used metal)
- Worked cold
- Beginning of metallurgy
- Bronze (copper and tin combination)
- Started siderurgy
- More resistant metal
- Iron (most used metal)
- Most resistant
- Produced agricultural tools and weapons
Theories of Human Origins
- Creationist Theory: based on religious doctrine
- Evolutionist Theory: explains human evolution through scientific research
Characteristics of Human Species
- Homo Habilis:
- Nicknamed "handy man"
- Made stone tools
- Ate seeds
- Homo Erectus:
- Nicknamed "upright man"
- Discovered fire
- Used animal skins for clothing
- Homo Sapiens:
- Nicknamed "thinking man"
- Expert hunter
- Performed religious rituals
- Homo Sapiens Sapiens:
- Nicknamed "wise rational man"
- Decorated caves with drawings
- Used language
Learn about the different types of sources used in historical research, including primary and secondary sources, and how they help us understand the past.
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