History Quiz: Pre-Industrial and Industrial Ages

Study Notes

Discovery of fire, leading to advancements in cooking, warmth, and protection.
Development of paper from plant fibers, facilitating written communication.
Forging of weapons and tools from stone, bronze, copper, and iron.
Significant early artifacts include:
- Cave paintings dating back to 35,000 BC.
- Clay tablets from Mesopotamia, around 2400 BC, serving as an early writing medium.
- Papyrus created in Egypt around 2500 BC, used for document writing.
- "Acta Diurna," Rome's early newspaper, established in 130 BC.

Introduction of steam power revolutionized transportation and manufacturing.
Development of machine tools enhanced precision and efficiency in production.
Iron production advances allowed for stronger materials for construction and tools.
Notable inventions include:
- Printing press, which enabled mass production of books in the 19th century.
- Typewriter introduced in the 1800s, transforming written communication.
- Telephone invented in 1876, improving long-distance communication.
- Telegraph technology providing early communication over wires.

Invention of the transistor marked a significant turning point in technology.
Transistors led to the creation of the transistor radio, enhancing audio technology.
Development of early electronic circuits and computers:
- EDSAC, one of the first large electronic computers, produced in 1949.
- UNIVAC 1, released in 1951, recognized for data processing capabilities.
- Mainframe computers such as IBM 704 introduced in 1960 for advanced computing tasks.
Emergence of personal computers began with models like Hewlett-Packard 9100A in 1968 and Apple 1 in 1976.
Technology like OHP and LCD projectors revolutionized presentations and education.

Internet creation significantly accelerated communication and information sharing.
Advancements in microelectronics led to the proliferation of personal computers, smartphones, and wearable technology.
Digitalization of voice, images, sound, and data transformed everyday communications.
Key milestones include:
- Introduction of web browsers: Mosaic (1993) and Internet Explorer (1995).
- Blogging platforms: Blogspot (1999), LiveJournal (1999), WordPress (2003).
- Rise of social networks: Friendster (2002), Multiply (2003), and Facebook (2004).
- Microblogging platforms like Twitter (2006) and Tumblr (2007) introduced quick sharing of thoughts.
- YouTube (2005) popularizing video sharing and creation.
- Innovations in video chat with Skype (2003) and Google Hangouts (2013).
- Early search engines like Google (1996) and Yahoo (1995) streamlined information retrieval.
- Development of portable computers, including laptops (1980) and tablets (1993), redefined personal computing.
- Emergence of smartphones and advancements in wearable technology like fitness trackers.
- Growth of cloud computing and big data analytics reshaping data storage and processing.