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Questions and Answers
What is Newton's first law called?
If a mass of air is accelerated rearward, according to Newton's third law:
By the third law, if the air is pushed by the compressor rearward, thrust is added to:
When analyzing airflow through an axial compressor, velocity would be regarded as a:
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Velocity and speed are often expressed in similar terms, but velocity is determined when:
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A spring has:
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Total pressure is:
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Total pressure at inlet air, the pressure is?
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Total air pressure measured, static pressure:
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Airflow through a convergent duct will result in:
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Diffuser of inlet:
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Airflow through a divergent duct will result in:
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What is the difference of the aerodynamics between the compressor and turbine area?
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Air exiting from the exhaust duct of a choked nozzle, the pressure:
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If the pressure ratio of an engine is greater than 1.89, the exhaust nozzle speed:
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Nozzle choked:
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Study Notes
Basic Physics Fundamentals
- Newton's first law is known as the law of inertia, illustrating an object's resistance to changes in motion.
- When a mass of air is accelerated rearward, a forward reaction (thrust) occurs according to Newton's third law.
- Analyzing airflow in an axial compressor treats velocity as a vector quantity, which includes both magnitude and direction.
- Velocity differs from speed by incorporating direction in its measurement, while speed is a scalar quantity.
- A spring possesses potential energy, which is the stored energy due to its position.
Basic Gas Dynamics Concepts
- Total pressure in a fluid system is the sum of static pressure and dynamic pressure.
- Inlet air total pressure experiences an increase in ram air, enhancing engine power due to increased static pressure and air density.
- Total air pressure measured at static pressure adds the ram effect, impacting overall pressure readings.
- When airflow passes through a convergent duct, it results in a pressure drop, velocity rise, and temperature drop, applicable only for subsonic airflow.
- Diffuser inlets are characterized by a pressure rise, temperature rise, and velocity drop.
- Airflow through a divergent duct leads to a pressure rise, temperature rise, and velocity drop for subsonic airflow.
Aerodynamics and Engine Dynamics
- The aerodynamics between compressors and turbines varies significantly: compressors have converging passages while turbines utilize diverging passages.
- Air exiting from a choked nozzle experiences pressure above ambient conditions, attributable to increased upstream total pressure.
- An exhaust nozzle speed exceeds Mach 1 if the pressure ratio of an engine surpasses 1.89, indicating significant air velocity changes.
- A choked nozzle provides pressure thrust, enhancing overall thrust performance by utilizing excess pressure in the propelling nozzle.
Key Thrust Dynamics
- Choked nozzles add thrust by converting pressure energy into kinetic energy, resulting in increased velocity at the exit—critical for optimizing engine performance.
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