Questions and Answers
What system did the Spanish use to compensate for the labor shortage due to the deaths of Indians?
What was the Casta system a result of?
The conquest of Mexico and other Latin American countries by the Spaniards.
Who were the Conquistadors?
Leaders in the Spanish conquest of America, especially of Mexico and Peru.
What significant event did Ferdinand and Isabella sponsor?
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The __________ exchange had dramatic effects on the world after Columbus's arrival in the Americas.
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What did the Encomienda system seek to define?
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Is the Casta system a caste system that had only four racial categories?
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Did King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella complete the Reconquista?
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What was Henry Hudson seeking during his explorations?
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Study Notes
Asiento System
- Established to address labor shortages caused by the death of Indigenous peoples due to disease and overwork.
- Involved the transportation of African slaves to the Americas with a tax system benefitting the Spanish crown.
- Preceded the Triangular Trade System, leading to the importation of hundreds of thousands of slaves to the New World.
Casta System
- Created a European-style caste system in Latin America after Spanish conquests.
- Defined four main racial categories: Spaniards (Europeans), Mestizos (mixed ancestry), Indigenous peoples, and Slaves.
- Spaniards born in Spain held the highest status; Creoles (Spanish parents born in the New World) had a lower rank.
- By the 18th century, the Mestizo class evolved into approximately 16 distinct racial categories.
Chinook
- Not detailed in the provided text; further context may be required for a comprehensive study note.
Columbian Exchange
- Initiated after Columbus's arrival in the Americas, leading to the exchange of animal, plant, and microbial life between the Old and New Worlds.
- Resulted in significant population decline in the Americas due to the introduction of new diseases.
- Indigenous peoples faced ecological disruptions with the introduction of weeds, pests, and new livestock.
- Enhanced diets and trade in Eurasia and Africa due to the introduction of new crops such as sugar, coffee, and tobacco, which also gained popularity globally.
Conquistadors
- Leaders of the Spanish conquests in the Americas, primarily known for the conquests of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century.
- Typically financed their own expeditions and lacked formal military training, relying on personal funding for equipment and seeking profit shares.
Encomienda System
- A colonial legal system defining the status and treatment of Indigenous populations in Spanish America.
- Originated from tribute practices during Spain’s Reconquista, aimed to regulate forced labor but often resulted in enslavement.
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
- Ferdinand II (1452-1516) and Isabella I (1451-1504) jointly sponsored Christopher Columbus's voyage in 1492, leading to the discovery of the New World.
- Their marriage unified Spain politically, influencing their grandson, Charles V, who became the Holy Roman Emperor.
- Reformed the governance of Spain, significantly reduced crime rates, and addressed national debts.
- Known for completing the Reconquista and instituting the Spanish Inquisition, impacting religious and social dynamics.
- Isabella was recognized by the Catholic Church with the title Servant of God in 1974.
Henry Hudson
- English sea explorer and navigator, known for his attempts in the 17th century to find a Northwest Passage to Asia.
- Undertook explorations under the commission of English merchants, significantly impacting the understanding of North American geography.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key concepts from Period I and II in history with our engaging flashcards. This quiz covers significant terms and systems such as the Asiento System and its impact on the slave trade. Perfect for students preparing for exams or anyone interested in early American history.
