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▪ Study of the past ▪ Chronological record of significant events often including an explanation of their causes
Traditional Understanding
▪ Came from Greek word “_” that means “Knowledge acquired through inquiry or investigation” ▪ Sources are oral traditions in forms of epics, songs, artifacts, architecture, memory etc.
Modern Understanding and Historia
▪ period where no written records exist or when the writings of people were not preserved ▪ analyzed through fossils and artifacts by Archaeologists and Anthropologists
Pre-History
▪ period when man started to write and record events using a system of writing ▪ analyzed through wood carves, engraved metals, written papyrus, written papers
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▪ “Writing of history” (Historical Writing) ▪ Based on critical examination of sources, selection of particular details from authentic materials in those sources and the synthesis of those details into a narrative ▪ Done through “” with the aid of “”
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▪ Looking for data through Historical sources. ▪ Determining the data as a Primary or Secondary source. ▪ Analyze the data through historical criticisms.
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Historical Timeframe of the Philippines
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▪ Produced at the same time as the event being studied (Contemporary Accounts) ▪ Include documents or artifacts created by a witness or participant of the event ▪ “Firsthand testimony,” “Eyewitness accounts” ▪ It may include diaries, letters, interviews, photographs, newspapers
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6 Points of inquiries to evaluate Primary sources (Garraghan, 1950)
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HISTORICAL SOURCES?
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▪ Produced by authors who used and interpreted primary sources ▪ Analyzed a scholarly question and often use primary source as evidence ▪ Include books, theses, dissertations, journals, magazines, knowledge of historians ▪ Written few years after the exact time of the event
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_ ▪ The closer the date of creation, the more reliable one. _ ▪ The more recent, the more reliable one.
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_ is the practice of verifying the authenticity of evidence by examining its physical characteristics of the time when it was produced; and the materials used for the evidence.
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_ on the other hand, is the examination of the truthfulness of the evidence.
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two kinds of criticism
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_ examines the authenticity of the document or the evidence being used
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_ examines the truthfulness of the content of the evidence.
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Famous Italian traveler born in Vicenza around 1490 and died in the same city in 1534
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In Pigafetta’s account, their fleet reached what he called the _ or the _
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The fleet went to _ (Homonhon) and there they found what he referred to as the _
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On _, Pigafetta recounted that they saw _, a long boat full of people in _.
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The gold was abundant that parts of the ship and of the house of the king were made of gold. This king was named _
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On March 31st (Easter Sunday),Magellan ordered the chaplain to preside a Mass by the shore
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By _, _ and his men reached the port of _ (Cebu) with the help of _ who offered to pilot them in going to the island.
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_ died in battle. He was pierced with a _
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