History of Volleyball

History of Volleyball

• Volleyball was created in 1895 by William G. Morgan
• The sport was originally named "Mintonette"
• Morgan got the idea because people get tired from basketball
• The idea for the ball came from basketball, the net from tennis, and hand use from handball
• The competitive game was called "Innings" then "Sets" from baseball
• The sport was introduced at a YMCA Young Men’s Christian Association
• The first game was played in 1896

Volleyball Then

• The game was a slower pace, with different scoring, mainly for recreational sports

Volleyball Now

• Volleyball is fast-paced, competitive, with global sports using rally scoring
• The modern game is played indoors and on beaches in professional leagues with Olympic recognition

How Volleyball Was Played Back Then

• Unlimited players per side
• Nine innings with three serves per team each inning
• No limits to ball contact before it crossed to the other side
• If there was a serving error, a second serve was allowed
• Hitting the net was a foul resulting in a loss of point

Evolution of Volleyball

• YMCA societies in India, China, Europe, South America and Africa played
• It was included in the first Far-Eastern Games in Manila
• Professor Alfred T. Halsted renamed "Mintonette" to volleyball in 1896 based on watching the players volley the ball
• The first official game was played on July 7, 1896, at Springfield College

First Winner

• Japan and the Soviet Union played in the first four gold medal matches at the Summer Olympics from 1964-1980
• Japan won their first final on home soil in Tokyo 1964

Rules of Volleyball

• Each team consists of 6 players
• The game begins with a serve
• Each team has three touches of the ball
• Hit the enemy's floor to score points
• A ball landing on the line is considered in
• Points are scored when the opposing team hits the ball out of bounds
• A ball can touch the net and still be in play
• You can play the ball over the net
• Teams rotate clockwise when they have the serve
• Games end at 25 points, needing to be 2 points ahead to win

Basic Skills in Volleyball

• Serve: Putting the ball into play, done by right and backline players, sending the ball over the net

Types of Serves

• Underhand: Striking the ball below the waist using the palm
• Overhand: Tossing the ball with one hand and striking it in the air above the head
• Jump Serve: The ball is tossed high in the air while the player jumps to make contact

Common Skills

• Pass: The first contact a player makes with the ball, directing the ball to initiate an offense
• Set: Contact made to put the ball in the air
• Spike: The third contact that scores a point
• Block: Players at the net stop an opponent's attack
• Dig: Prevents the ball from touching their court

Player Positions

• Setter: Sets the ball to start the game for spikes and ball movement
• Outside Hitter: Also known as the left-side hitter, needs to jump high, be quick, and be ready
• Opposite: Plays on the right side to attack and block
• Middle Blocker: The tallest player, serves as the first line of defense
• Libero: Only plays on the back row, responsible for receiving hits. Cannot serve, block, or attempt to block and wears a different jersey
• Defensive Specialist: A substitute or support to the libero for back-row defense, serve reception, and passing

Volleyball Violations

• Actions or behaviors that go against the rules of the game

Categories of Violation

• Player Violation: Infractions by individual players due to improper skills affecting the point
• Technical Violation: Non-playing violations involving standard rules, behavior, procedures, or team management

Service Violation

• Foot Fault: Server steps on or over the end line
• Failure to Serve Over the Net: The serve must cross the net and land in the opponent's court

Net Violation

• Touching the Net: A player touches the net while attempting to spike or block
• Overreaching: A player touches the ball on the opponent's side before it fully crosses

Ball Handling Violations

• Double Contact: A player cannot hit the ball twice in a row
• Four Hits: A team can only touch the ball three times
• Illegal Hits: Requires clean hits

Rotational Faults

• Players must rotate before serving to prevent any player from having a strong position for too long

Attack Violations

• Back-row Attack: Back-row players cannot attack the ball above the net's height
• Hitting the Antenna: The ball must pass inside the antennas

Player Conduct Violations

• Unsportsmanlike Conduct: Taunting, arguing, or distracting opponents
• Dissent Towards Officials: Arguing with referees beyond discussion
• Delaying the Game: Stalling or delaying substitutions

Other Violations

• Overly Aggressive Play: Dangerous or reckless plays like diving under the net
• Verbal and Physical Abuse: Insults and threats

Referee Signals

• Crucial for communication, fairness, and discipline
• Ball In: The ball is in play, arm and fingers point to the floor
• Ball Out: The ball is outside, forearms are raised vertically
• Double Contact: A player touches the ball twice, two fingers shown
• Catch/Lift: A player catches or lifts, forearm lifts palm up
• Time Out: Requesting a break, forms a "T" shape
• Substitutions: Circular forearm motion
• Misconduct or Warning Penalty:
  • Yellow card is a warning
  • Red card is a penalty