History of Travel and Tourism Innovations

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Questions and Answers

Who was the General Manager of the Savoy?

Walter Anderson

Auguste Escoffier

Cesar Ritz (correct)

Richard d’Oyly Carte

What innovation is Auguste Escoffier credited with?

Drive-in restaurants

Bilingual menus

The Kitchen Brigade System (correct)

Fast food chains

Which restaurant is considered the center of American gastronomy?

Trader Vic's

The Savoy

Rainbow Room

Delmonico's (correct)

What does the European plan in hotels allow guests to do?

Only pay for rooms and order meals separately Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following restaurants opened in 1934?

Rainbow Room Signup and view all the answers

What culinary style was Delmonico’s famous for?

Swiss-French cuisine Signup and view all the answers

What type of restaurant trend did White Castle and fast-food chains introduce?

Drive-in restaurants Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the year 1889 in the history of the Savoy hotel?

It was opened. Signup and view all the answers

What significant change occurred in travel due to World War I?

There was an increased demand for international travel. Signup and view all the answers

Which innovation introduced by Thomas Cook in 1874 had a major impact on travel?

Circular notes, which functioned as travelers' checks. Signup and view all the answers

How did advancements in communication influence tourism in the early 20th century?

They increased curiosity about other countries. Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the outcomes of World War II related to travel?

Increased interest in foreign cultures and friendships. Signup and view all the answers

What transportation method became more prominent after the introduction of the motor car?

Motorized public road transport. Signup and view all the answers

Which guide book became the leading resource for European travelers at the end of the 19th century?

Baedecker. Signup and view all the answers

How did air travel change with the introduction of the Boeing 707 in 1958?

It became more comfortable and faster. Signup and view all the answers

What impact did the end of the 19th century have on guide books?

A variety of guide books for local and overseas travel were sold. Signup and view all the answers

Who is recognized as the first professional travel agent?

Thomas Cook Signup and view all the answers

Which entrepreneur is known for creating a multibillion-dollar corporation with service guidelines such as QSC&V?

Ray Kroc Signup and view all the answers

What significant contribution did Howard Johnson make to the hospitality industry in the 1930s?

Pioneered brand leveraging and franchising Signup and view all the answers

Which individual founded the Four Seasons Regent Hotels?

Isadore Sharp Signup and view all the answers

What historic establishment did J.Willard Marriott begin with?

A rootbeer stand Signup and view all the answers

Which entrepreneur is quoted as saying, 'Never be idle a moment'?

Ray Kroc Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the steakhouse chain founded by Ruth Fertel?

Chris Steak House Signup and view all the answers

Which entrepreneur was known for their flawless sense of timing and caution against over-financing?

Thomas Cook Signup and view all the answers

What was a common feature of the public restaurants in the Roman Empire?

They sold food similar to modern fast-food restaurants. Signup and view all the answers

What role did the Roman Catholic Church play during the Dark Ages in terms of hospitality?

They took over the job of feeding and housing travelers. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of the rest houses established by Charlemagne?

To protect and offer hospitality to pilgrims. Signup and view all the answers

What example illustrates a notable monastery-shelter during the Dark Ages?

The hospice of St. Bernard. Signup and view all the answers

What type of establishments did medieval guilds provide to travelers?

Open houses similar to monasteries. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the accommodations at Khans in ancient Persia?

They combined stables, sleeping quarters, and fortresses. Signup and view all the answers

How did inns and taverns function near cities during the Roman Empire?

They were run by freemen or retired gladiators. Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant challenge faced by the Roman Catholic Church regarding hospitality during the Dark Ages?

Inability to accommodate numerous travelers in limited space. Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of organizing the Philippine Tourist and Travel Association (PTTA) in 1952?

To unify travel establishments for all travelers Signup and view all the answers

Which organization was created to regulate the tourist industry in the Philippines following the establishment of the PTTA?

Board of Travel and Tourist Industry (BTTI) Signup and view all the answers

What hindered the development of tourism and hospitality in the Philippines during the 1960s and 70s?

Inadequate accommodations and lack of financial support Signup and view all the answers

What major political event in 1972 contributed to the prosperity of tourism and hospitality in the Philippines?

The declaration of martial law Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the temporary 'tourist boom' in the Philippines during the early 70s?

Increase in international tourist arrivals Signup and view all the answers

How has tourism and hospitality in the Philippines developed from the 1950s to the present?

It has slowly progressed with continuous development and promotion. Signup and view all the answers

What factors contributed to the favorable conditions for tourism after martial law was declared in 1972?

Improved safety and sanitation measures Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'bargain destination' refer to in the context of Philippine tourism?

Inexpensive travel options sought by tourists Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

History of the Tourism Industry

Thomas Cook organized the first American tour in 1866, leading to similar excursions using chartered trains.
Introduced "circular notes" in 1874, accepted as early travelers' checks by various establishments.
Popularity of photography and guidebooks increased towards the end of the 19th century.
Baedecker, first published in 1839, became the leading travel guide for Europe by the century's end.

Tourism in the 20th Century

Early 20th-century leisure travel expanded due to rising wealth and curiosity.
World War I influenced tourism, leading to increased demand for international travel during post-war prosperity.
New mass communication methods, such as cinema and radio, heightened interest in foreign travel.
Post-World War I saw a shift from rail travel to motorized vehicles, popularizing seaside tours.
World War II introduced soldiers to new cultures and increased interest in travel.
Advances in aircraft technology made air travel faster and more affordable; Boeing 707 jets launched mass air travel in 1958.

History of the Hospitality Industry

Roman Empire

Public restaurants in Rome offered standard menus, resembling modern fast-food models.
Romans are credited with establishing the first restaurant chain.
Persian caravans had Khans for shelter along travel routes.

Medieval Period

Innkeeping declined after the fall of the Roman Empire, with the Church providing shelter via monasteries.
Charlemagne established rest houses for pilgrims, e.g., Abbey at Roncesvalles.
Medieval guilds offered accommodations similar to monasteries for traveling pilgrims.

Noteworthy Hotels and Innovators

The Savoy opened in 1889, led by renowned figures Cesar Ritz and Auguste Escoffier, who revolutionized hotel dining.
Delmonico’s in the U.S. was renowned for fine cuisine and bilingual menus, inspiring American gastronomy.
The European plan allowed guests to pay for accommodation separately from meals.

Twentieth Century Innovations

White Castle hamburger chain established in 1921, symbolizing purity and strength in branding.
Howard Johnson introduced franchising to the restaurant industry in the 1930s.
J.Willard Marriott expanded from a root beer stand to a multibillion-dollar hospitality empire.
Ray Kroc founded McDonald's, emphasizing operational guidelines and marketing.

Pioneers in Tourism and Hospitality

Thomas Cook: First professional travel agent, founder of the world's first travel agency.
Howard Dearing Johnson: Pioneer of brand leveraging and one of the first franchisers.
J.Willard Marriott: Founder of Marriott Corporation, significant in the hospitality sector.
Ray Kroc: Founded McDonald’s, establishing a multibillion-dollar franchise model.
Isadore Sharp: Founded Four Seasons Hotels, creating a global hotel empire.
Ruth Fertel: Established Ruth’s Chris Steak House, the largest upscale restaurant chain in the U.S.

Origins of Tourism and Hospitality in the Philippines

The Philippine Tourist and Travel Association (PTTA) formed in 1952 to promote tourism.
The Board of Travel and Tourist Industry (BTTI) regulated the tourism sector and supported PTTA.
Development hindered in the 1960s and 70s due to political and economic crises, leading to inadequate accommodations.
Post-1972 martial law declaration brought growth to tourism with improved safety and services.
The Philippines became a "bargain destination," leading to a temporary tourism boom in the early 1970s.
Continuous development has occurred, though growth in arrivals remains modest compared to neighboring countries.

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Description

Explore the evolution of travel and tourism from the 19th century, focusing on the introduction of chartered trains and the first travelers' checks. This quiz delves into the popularization of photography and guidebooks that transformed the way people traveled. Test your knowledge on these groundbreaking developments in travel history.