History of Tobacco in Europe
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Questions and Answers

What was the social acceptability of smoking tobacco during King James I's reign?

  • Considered a sign of rebellion and defiance
  • Widely condemned and discouraged by society
  • Agreeable and socially acceptable despite some finding it disagreeable (correct)
  • Illegal and punishable by law
  • When did the evidence that tobacco was harmful start accumulating?

  • During the end of the 15th century
  • In the first decades of the 20th century
  • In the 17th century after King James I's attack
  • Throughout the 19th century (correct)
  • Why did several epidemiological studies fail to establish unequivocally the role of tobacco in producing lung cancer in the early 20th century?

  • Lack of financial funding for research
  • Inadequate technology to conduct accurate studies
  • Misinterpretation of available laboratory evidence
  • Various reasons not specified in the text (correct)
  • What was the public response to King James I's attack on smoking in 1603?

    <p>Largely ignored despite being praised</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When was smoking first thought to have medicinal value in Europe?

    <p>At the end of the 15th century</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why were case-control studies conducted in Britain, Germany, and the USA in the early 20th century?

    <p>To establish the role of tobacco in producing lung cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the text provided?

    <p>Epidemiology of Lung Cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which study specifically links tobacco smoking to bronchogenic carcinoma?

    <p>Wynder EL, Graham EA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year was the research on 'Mortality in relation to smoking' published?

    <p>1994</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of cancer was studied by Mills CA and Porter MM in their research?

    <p>Mouth and Respiratory System Cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which publication provides insights into 'Mortality from smoking in developed countries'?

    <p>British medical journal, 1994, 309: 901–911</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was suspected as a major cause of lung cancer in the mid-20th century?

    <p>Industrial pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was a key finding of the five major case–control studies published in 1950?

    <p>Close association between smoking and lung cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What set apart the Doll & Hill and Wynder & Graham studies from previous investigations?

    <p>Considered possible selection bias and confounding factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why were Doll & Hill's findings about smoking and lung cancer widely accepted?

    <p>Extensive study of over 600 cases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of ex-smokers' risk of lung cancer was highlighted in the text?

    <p>They have lower risk than current smokers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why were Doll & Hill’s conclusions about cause and effect not widely accepted initially?

    <p>The community had reservations on drawing causal links</p> Signup and view all the answers

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