History of the Wassoulou Empire and Textbook Development
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Questions and Answers

Who served as the content editor for the textbook?

  • Yonas Legesse (correct)
  • Dessu Wirtu
  • Abebe Admasu
  • Teferi Mekonnen

Which organization provided support through the Multi Donor Trust Fund?

  • African Union
  • United Nations Environment Programme
  • Global Partnership for Development
  • World Bank (correct)

What is the primary focus of the General Education Quality Improvement Program for Equity (GEQIP-E)?

  • Promotion of international education partnerships
  • Expansion of higher education
  • Improvement of quality and equity in education (correct)
  • Development of vocational training

Which institution was acknowledged for its significant role in the textbook development?

<p>Hawassa University (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the copyright arrangement mentioned in the text?

<p>To protect the rights of authors and publishers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which year was the textbook first published?

<p>2023 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was responsible for illustrating the textbook?

<p>Temesgen Gebeyehu (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following roles was NOT mentioned in association with the production of the textbook?

<p>Market Analyst (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main ideological basis for African resistance during the colonial period?

<p>Safeguarding sovereignty (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What position did Samori Toure hold in the Wassoulou Empire?

<p>Both A and B (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which territory was NOT a part of the Wassoulou Empire established by Samori Toure?

<p>Nigeria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant military strategy did Samori Toure use to strengthen his army?

<p>Importing firearms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year did Samori Toure proclaim himself the leader of the Wassoulou Empire?

<p>1878 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event marked the beginning of direct conflict between the French forces and Samori Toure?

<p>The French attack in early 1882 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the capital of the Wassoulou Empire as established by Samori Toure?

<p>Bissandugu (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What area did Samori Toure manage to gain control of in 1881?

<p>The Dyula trading post of Kankan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary reason nationalism had a greater influence on urban populations than on rural peasants?

<p>Urban areas had more exposure to literature and the press. (A), Urban populations experienced more state-sponsored military service. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event is cited as contributing to the atmosphere that led to World War I?

<p>The growth of social Darwinism. (B), The international crisis of 1905–1914. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor did NOT promote the growth of nationalism in the 19th century?

<p>Increased literacy among peasants. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did newspapers contribute to the growth of nationalism?

<p>They were used to disseminate governmental propaganda. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary reason for the shift from water power to steam power during the Industrial Revolution?

<p>Water power was insufficient for large scale operations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did pseudo-science play in the context of nationalism?

<p>It fostered aggressive feelings towards neighboring states. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following wars helped stimulate nationalism in Britain?

<p>The Boer War. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which invention significantly improved the efficiency of steam power in the late 18th century?

<p>The Watt steam engine. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did literature before World War I contribute to nationalist sentiments?

<p>It often contained warnings against neighboring countries. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact did the Industrial Revolution have on the agricultural sector of advanced countries?

<p>It diminished the importance of agriculture. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant issue emerged as a result of the cheap mass production characteristic of the Industrial Revolution?

<p>Overproduction of goods. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one effect of compulsory military service in relation to nationalism?

<p>It fostered loyalty and patriotism towards the state. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which was the first modern railway to operate entirely by steam locomotives?

<p>The Liverpool and Manchester railway. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the chief use of the first commercially viable steam engine constructed by Newcomen?

<p>Pumping water. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

By 1850, what was notable about the railway network in Britain?

<p>It connected all important places. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What economic shift occurred post-Industrial Revolution regarding the rural population?

<p>A decline in rural population percentage. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary trade of the Ashanti Empire in the 1700s?

<p>Gold dust (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event marked British forces successfully invading the Ashanti Empire?

<p>The Battle of Kumasi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What motivated Urabi Pasha to lead a revolt against Khedive Tewfik?

<p>Quest for social justice (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the continuous state of war in the Ashanti Empire?

<p>Weakened resistance against the British (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Ashanti Empire primarily receive luxury items in the 1800s?

<p>In exchange for enslaved people (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the ultimate outcome for Urabi Pasha following the 1882 revolt?

<p>He was exiled to Ceylon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event signified the end of the Ashanti Empire's sovereignty?

<p>The annexation into the Gold Coast colony (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a notable consequence of the Urabi revolt in 1882?

<p>Increased foreign control of Egypt (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Urabi’s original sentence before it was commuted?

<p>Death penalty (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which year did Urabi return to Egypt after his banishment?

<p>1901 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who led the Mahadist rebellion in the Sudan and declared himself the Mahdi?

<p>Muhammad Ahmad (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major victory did Al-Mahdi achieve on August 12, 1881?

<p>Victory over the colonial forces at Aba (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which title was given to Muhammad Ahmad's followers during the Mahadist movement?

<p>Dervishes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant impact of Urabi’s revolt in Egyptian history?

<p>It laid the foundation for mass politics in Egypt. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What system did Khalifa Abdullah implement in the Sudan after Al-Mahdi's death?

<p>A strong administrative system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action did the British take in response to the Mahadist victories?

<p>Advance into the Sudan to avenge Gordon's death (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Textbook Writers

The writer(s) of the textbook. They are responsible for creating the content of the book.

Content Editor

The person who reviewed and revised the content of the textbook to ensure its quality and accuracy.

Language Editor

The person who reviewed and edited the language of the textbook for clarity and fluency.

Illustrator

The person who created the visual elements of the textbook, such as illustrations and diagrams.

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Book Designer

The person who designed the layout and overall appearance of the textbook.

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Pedagogy Editor

The person who reviewed the textbook for pedagogical soundness, ensuring it is effective for teaching and learning.

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Evaluators

Individuals who assessed the textbook for quality and appropriateness.

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Industrial Revolution

The shift from hand-crafted production to machine production, marking a significant economic and social change.

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Steam Power

A major factor in the Industrial Revolution, steam power allowed for more efficient production, transportation, and industry.

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Coal's Importance in the Industrial Revolution

The need for cheap and abundant fuel for steam engine operations fueled the growth of the coal mining industry.

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Railways in the Industrial Revolution

The rise of steam-powered railways revolutionized transportation, allowing for faster and more efficient movement of goods and people.

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Overproduction in the Industrial Revolution

The economic problem before the Industrial Revolution was the scarcity of goods. However, after the Industrial Revolution, the problem became overproduction due to increased production capacity, leading to challenges in selling the surplus.

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Shift in Workforce in the Industrial Revolution

The shift of population from agriculture to other sectors, like manufacturing and services, as a result of the Industrial Revolution.

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Urbanization as a Result of the Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution led to a decrease in the proportion of the population living in rural areas and working in agriculture, signifying a shift to urbanized societies.

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Agriculture's Decline in Advanced Economies

The Industrial Revolution made advanced countries less dependent on agriculture. Investment and production shifted to other sectors, leading to economic growth.

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Why is nationalism more influential in urban areas?

Nationalism is more influential among urban populations compared to rural peasants, primarily due to increased exposure to ideas and greater mobility in urban areas.

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How did nationalism contribute to World War I?

The rise of nationalism fueled a surge in patriotic sentiments and a strong sense of national identity, ultimately contributing to the outbreak of World War I.

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What fueled the growth of nationalism in the 19th century?

The growth of nationalism in the 19th century was influenced by various factors, including compulsory education, military service, and the rise of mass media.

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How did education contribute to nationalism?

Compulsory primary education played a significant role in promoting nationalism by instilling patriotic values and fostering a sense of national unity among citizens.

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How did military service promote nationalism?

Compulsory military service was seen as a key instrument in building national loyalty and forging a sense of shared identity among citizens.

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How did mass media promote nationalism?

The rise of mass media, including newspapers and literature, often contained strong nationalist narratives and promoted a sense of superiority over other nations.

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What role did patriotic societies play in promoting nationalism?

Patriotic societies, often established to promote national interests, played a significant role in fostering nationalist sentiment and advocating for increased military spending.

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How did wars contribute to nationalism?

Wars of unification, national liberation, and colonial expansion played a significant role in promoting nationalist sentiment by creating a sense of shared struggle and national pride.

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What were the territorial boundaries of the Wassoulou Empire?

The Wassoulou Empire, founded by Samori Toure, encompassed areas that are now part of Guinea, Sierra Leone, Cote d'Ivoire, and Burkina Faso.

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What motivated Samori Toure's resistance to the French?

Samori Toure's resistance to French colonialism was driven by the goal of defending his people's sovereignty and independence.

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How did Samori Toure's empire gain economic power?

Toure's empire became economically strong by controlling the gold mine district of Bure and engaging in trade, even importing firearms from Sierra Leone.

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What important actions did Samori Toure take to solidify his empire?

Samori Toure made Bissandugu the capital of his empire and developed strong relationships with other powerful empires like the Toucouleur Empire.

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What triggered conflict between Samori Toure and the French?

The French colonial expansion in West Africa brought them into conflict with Samori Toure's empire, leading to battles for control of territories.

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How did Samori Toure initially defend his empire against the French?

Samori Toure's well-trained and well-armed army, equipped with firearms, successfully resisted early French attacks.

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How did Samori Toure expand his empire?

Samori Toure effectively increased the size and influence of his empire through military victories and savvy political relations.

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What was the ultimate outcome of the conflict between Samori Toure and the French?

The French eventually overpowered Samori Toure's forces in 1898, marking a significant loss in the struggle against colonial expansion in West Africa.

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Urabi Pasha's Rebellion

An uprising in 1879 led by Ahmed Urabi, an Egyptian army officer, against the administration of Khedive Tewfik, which was under the influence of a French and British dual rule.

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Ashanti Economy Shift

The Ashanti economy relied heavily on gold trade during the 1700s, but by the early 1800s, it shifted to a major export of enslaved people.

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Ashanti Empire's Warfare

The Ashanti Empire constantly faced wars, contributing to their weakness against the British, who eventually conquered them in 1902.

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Ashanti Currency

The Ashanti Empire used gold dust as its circulating currency, which was frequently accumulated by wealthy merchants.

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Ashanti Slave Trade

The Ashanti Empire's trading of enslaved people in exchange for luxury items and firearms contributed to the empire's instability.

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Urabi's Motivation

Ahmed Urabi's rebellion was motivated by a desire for social justice for Egyptians, aiming for equality before the law and freedom from foreign control.

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British Intervention in Egypt

The British bombardment of Alexandria in 1882, fueled by the demonstrations, resulted in the occupation of Egypt and the arrest and exile of Urabi and his supporters.

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Urabi's Goals

Urabi's rebellion aimed to liberate Egypt and Sudan from foreign control and overthrow the oppressive regime of the Khedive.

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Urabi Pasha's Revolt

Urabi Pasha's revolt in Egypt in 1881-1882 was significant because it was the first instance of nationalist sentiments in Egypt, eventually leading to the country's independence.

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The Mahdist Movement

The Mahdist Movement was a Sudanese religious revival movement led by Muhammad Ahmad, who proclaimed himself the Mahdi, the expected Islamic savior.

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Who was the Mahdi?

The Mahdi was a self-proclaimed religious leader in Sudan who claimed to be the expected Islamic savior, leading a revolt against colonial forces.

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Battle of Aba

The Battle of Aba was a major victory for the Mahdists in 1881 that marked the beginning of their successful rebellion against the Egyptian colonial regime.

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Anglo-Egyptian Defeat in Kordofan

The defeat of the Anglo-Egyptian army in Kordofan Province in 1883 was a major victory for the Mahdist forces, further strengthening their control over Sudan.

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Capture of Khartoum

The Mahdist movement's capture of Khartoum and the death of Charles Gordon in 1885 marked a significant turning point in the Sudan's fight against colonial influence.

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Khalifa Abdullah

Khalifa Abdullah, who succeeded Muhammad Ahmad, established a strong administrative system based on the Quranic principles, consolidating the Mahdist rule in Sudan.

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British Reconquest of Sudan

The British re-conquest of the Sudan orchestrated by General Kitchener in 1896 ended the Mahdist rule, marking defeat for the Sudanese movement.

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Study Notes

Industrial Revolution in Britain

  • Steam power emerged as a more powerful and adaptable energy source than water power, especially in factories.
  • Coal, a readily available and inexpensive fuel, supplied heat for steam generation.
  • Newcomen constructed the first commercially viable steam engine in 1705-1709, initially for mining pumps.
  • Watt, in 1783-1784, developed a more efficient steam engine suitable for factory machinery.
  • Factories adopted steam power from the 1780s leading to increased production.
  • Steam power was applied to railways. The Liverpool and Manchester railway, the first modern railway using steam locomotives, opened in 1830.
  • Railway networks connected major British cities by 1850.

Political and Socio-economic Consequences of the Industrial Revolution

  • Mass production became a defining feature of the revolution, shifting the economic problem from scarcity to overproduction and the challenge of selling goods.
  • Limited demand due to a large impoverished population posed a significant hurdle to selling excess production.
  • Economic depressions before the revolution were usually linked to wars, epidemics, or poor harvests. After the revolution, overproduction became a common cause of economic downturns.
  • The industrial revolution reduced the dominance of agriculture in developed nations.
  • People shifted to different sectors of the economy, leading to increased investment and production in non-agricultural areas.
  • There was a significant decline in the rural population and agricultural employment over the 19th and 20th centuries in advanced economies.

Nationalism's Influence in the 19th Century

  • Nationalism stemmed from a shared regional and cultural identity, reflected in customs, language, and religion.
  • Nationalism appealed more strongly to urban populations than rural peasants.
  • Nationalistic sentiments fueled the international crisis of 1905-1914 and contributed to the support for WWI.
  • 19th-century nationalism grew significantly before WWI.

Factors promoting growth of nationalism in the 19th century

  • Compulsory primary education focused on patriotism.

  • Compulsory military service promoted loyalty to the state.

  • Cheap newspapers often exhibited chauvinistic tones, influencing public opinion.

  • Upper and middle-class newspapers also showcased nationalist sentiments and criticism of neighboring countries.

  • Nationalist literature warned against threats from neighboring countries.

  • Patriotic societies promoted patriotism, stronger armament and colonial expansion.

  • Wars of unification (Italy and Germany) and national liberation (Balkans) stimulated nationalist sentiment.

  • Colonial wars (especially British wars) increased British patriotism sometimes accompanied by aggression, though the Boer War dampened British aggression temporarily.

  • American nationalism was fueled by the Spanish-American War.

  • Pseudo-science, including Social Darwinism, fueled aggressive views of international conflicts as struggles for power and survival.

African Resistance to Colonialism

  • Samori Toure (1828-1900) led the Wassoulou Empire resistance against French colonization in West Africa.
  • Samori Toure's strength stemmed from his well-trained and armed army.
  • Weapons were imported through Freetown, Sierra Leone.
  • Samori Toure established a substantial empire in West Africa, encompassing current territories of Guinea, Sierra Leone, Côte d’Ivoire, and Burkina Faso.
  • Samori Toure resisted French expansion until his defeat and capture in 1898.

Ashanti Empire's Resistance to British Colonization

  • The Ashanti Empire's economy relied on gold trade.
  • The Ashanti Empire later became a major exporter of enslaved people.
  • Trading of enslaved individuals and weapons led to constant warfare in the Ashanti Empire from the 1790s until 1896.
  • The wars weakened the Ashanti Empire's position against the British.
  • British forces invaded and briefly captured the Ashanti capital, Kumasi, in 1874.
  • The Ashanti Empire was conquered again in 1897.
  • The Ashanti Empire was annexed into British Gold Coast colony in 1902 following the exiled of the Asantehene, the Ashanti king, in 1900.

Urabi Pasha's Rebellion in Egypt

  • Urabi Pasha led a revolt against Khedive Tewfik's administration in Egypt, which was influenced by Anglo-French dual rule.
  • Urabi's revolt was motivated by a desire for social justice and freedom from foreign control.
  • The revolt in part stemmed from resentment towards the influence of foreigners including Ottoman Empire aristocrats.
  • Urabi was initially sentenced to death for rebellion but the sentence was changed to life imprisonment.
  • Urabi returned to Egypt in 1901.
  • The Urabi revolt is considered the first instance of nationalist sentiment in Egypt.

Mahadist Movement in the Sudan

  • Muhammad Ahmad, proclaimed himself the Mahdi and led a religious rebellion against Anglo-Egyptian rule in 1881.
  • The movement, called the Mahadist movement, focused on religious revivalism and anti-colonialism.
  • Supporters of Muhammad Ahmad known as the Ansars and Derviches won battles against Anglo-Egyptian forces. Key victories include the battle of Aba in 1881 and Kordofan in 1883.
  • The Mahdi's death in 1885 led to Khalifa Abdullah assuming leadership.
  • The British viewed the Mahadist success as a threat.
  • General Kitchener led the Anglo-Egyptian army to take back the Sudan in 1896.

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Test your knowledge on the key figures and events surrounding the Wassoulou Empire, particularly focusing on Samori Toure's leadership and resistance strategies. Additionally, explore the development of the related educational textbook and its support organizations. This quiz covers vital historical and educational components that shaped the narrative of African resistance during colonial times.

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