History of the Vichy Regime and Resistance

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Questions and Answers

What does the acronym STO stand for?

  • Service of Total Obligation
  • Service of Temporary Operations
  • Service of Compulsory Labor (correct)
  • Service of Trained Officials

Which group was characterized by voluntary cooperation with Nazi Germany?

  • Collaboration (correct)
  • CNR
  • STO
  • FLL

Who founded the National Council of Resistance (CNR)?

  • Philippe Pétain
  • Jean Moulin (correct)
  • Charles de Lattre de Tassigny
  • Charles de Gaulle

What does FLL stand for?

<p>Free French Forces (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of the GPRF?

<p>To serve as the provisional government waiting for a new reaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for France's defeat in 1940?

<p>A lightning war conducted by the German army (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of government did Marshal Pétain establish after the defeat?

<p>A personal and authoritarian regime (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What societal changes were enforced under the Vichy regime?

<p>Emphasis on work, family, and the country (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the restrictions imposed on freedoms during the Vichy regime?

<p>Many opponents were imprisoned in internment camps (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Vichy regime approach anti-Semitism?

<p>It implemented anti-Semitic laws and propaganda (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action did the French government under Marshal Pétain take after their defeat in 1940?

<p>They chose to collaborate with Germany. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Service du Travail Obligatoire (STO)?

<p>To mandate forced labor for the Germans. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant impact of French collaboration with Nazi Germany?

<p>Involvement in the Jewish genocide. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did General de Gaulle respond after the fall of France in June 1940?

<p>He launched an appeal to continue fighting from London. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the size of the French resistance movement relative to the population during the occupation?

<p>Less than 1% of the population. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major event occurred on June 6, 1944?

<p>Allied landings in Normandy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of Pétain's collaborationist government after the liberation of France?

<p>Pétain was found guilty of treason and imprisoned. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was established after the liberation of Paris on August 25, 1944?

<p>The Provisional Government of the French Republic (GPRF). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Collaboration

A policy of voluntary cooperation led by the Vichy government with Nazi Germany.

Vichy Regime

The French government led by Marshal Pétain that collaborated with Nazi Germany during World War II.

Lightning War

A type of warfare where swift, powerful attacks are used to quickly overwhelm the enemy, often using mechanized forces.

FLL (Free French Forces)

Armed forces of Free France that obeyed General de Gaulle.

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Exodus

The mass movement of people fleeing a dangerous or threatened area, often during wartime.

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CNR (National Council of Resistance)

An institution that united the different resistance movements from 1943.

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Jean Moulin

A prefect appointed by General de Gaulle to identify all resistance movements; he founded the CNR in 1943, and died after being tortured by the Nazis.

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Division of France

The separation of France into two zones, one occupied by Germany and one under French control, following the armistice of 1940.

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GPRF (Provisional Government of the French Republic)

Provisional Government of the French Republic, led by de Gaulle while awaiting a new reaction.

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Anti-Semitic Laws

A set of laws and policies that discriminated against Jews in France during the Vichy Regime, including the requirement to wear the yellow star.

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French Collaboration with Nazi Germany

The French government under Marshal Pétain chose to cooperate with Nazi Germany following their defeat in 1940. This collaboration involved economic and political partnerships, with France providing labor for the Germans.

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STO (Service du Travail Obligatoire)

A forced labor program implemented by the Nazi regime, requiring French citizens to work in Germany during World War II.

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Vel'd'Hiv Roundup

An event in July 1942, where French police rounded up thousands of Jews in Paris and confined them to the Vel'd'Hiv cycling stadium before deporting them to concentration camps.

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French Resistance

A resistance movement against Nazi Germany in occupied France during World War II. They aimed to disrupt German operations and liberate France.

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Free French Forces

The Free French Forces, led by General de Gaulle, fought against Nazi Germany from exile in London. They relied on troops from French colonies and allied nations.

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D-Day

The Allied invasion of Normandy in June 1944, marking the beginning of the liberation of France from Nazi occupation.

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Allied Landings in Provence

The Allied invasion of Provence in August 1944, a significant event in the liberation of France from Nazi occupation.

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Provisional Government of the French Republic (GPRF)

The re-establishment of the French government following the liberation of Paris, signifying a shift towards a new political order in France.

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Study Notes

The Vichy Regime's Collaboration

  • In 1940, Marshal Pétain chose collaboration with Germany to lessen the consequences of defeat.
  • This collaboration involved an economic and political cooperation.
  • An example of this collaboration was the forced labor of French citizens (STO).
  • The collaboration helped with reducing restrictions from defeat.
  • The collaboration made the French national government complicit in the Holocaust.
  • France was divided into a Nazi-occupied zone and a free zone.
  • In exchange for collaboration, France did not gain anything from Germany.

Resistance Efforts

  • Despite collaboration, there was resistance in France, though small, representing roughly 1% of the population.
  • Allied landings in Normandy (June 6, 1944) and Provence (August 15, 1944) contributed to the progressive liberation of France.
  • General de Gaulle led the liberation and took control of Paris on August 25, 1944.
  • The Provisional Government of the French Republic (GPRF), led by de Gaulle, was established.

Key Dates

  • June 1940: France's defeat.
  • June 18, 1940: General de Gaulle's call for continued resistance from London.
  • August 1944: Liberation of Paris.
  • 1943: creation of STO.

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