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Questions and Answers
What characterizes the Palaeolithic period?
The use of tools like stones, flints, bones, and the evolution of Homo sapiens.
What is technological advancement?
A continuous process of innovation, improvement, and integration of new tools, techniques, and systems.
Which of the following best describes the Neolithic period?
The Bronze Age began with the use of iron tools.
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What are some major technological advances during the Middle Ages?
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What period is known as the Information Age?
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What are the two primary environmental issues caused by industrialization?
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Air pollution occurs when harmful substances such as __________ are introduced into the atmosphere.
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Water pollution is the contamination of air bodies.
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Study Notes
The Stone Age (2.5 mya - 3000 BC)
- Humans used stone, wood, bone, and other materials for tools and weapons during this period.
- Divided into three periods: Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic.
Paleolithic Period (2 mya - 10,000 BC)
- The longest period in human history, marked by human evolution from ape-like creatures to Homo sapiens.
- Tools included stones, flints, bones, and antlers.
- Humans lived in small bands during this time.
Lower Paleolithic Period
- Characterized by early humans and simple tools like stone choppers and Homo erectus tools.
- Tools were used for hunting and food gathering and made from chipped stones or struck off stone fragments.
Middle Paleolithic Period
- Marked by the cultural development of Neanderthals.
- Included fire, stone tools, the use of bone for hunting, and evidence of religious practices like burying the dead.
Upper Paleolithic Period
- Homo sapiens cultures like Cro-Magnon and Grimaldi man dominated this period.
- Communal hunting, fishing, supernatural beliefs, cloth sewing, sculpture, painting, and personal ornaments were developed.
Mesolithic Period
- Transition period between the Paleolithic and Neolithic eras.
- Humans adapted to glacier retreat and forest growth, learned to fish, pottery, and use bows.
- The transition from gathering to agriculture started during this time, using smaller, delicate microliths for stone tools.
Neolithic Period
- Marked by cultural and technological development focused on agriculture, domestication of plants and animals.
- Stone tools, pottery, and weaving were used in villages leading to urban civilizations.
Bronze Age (3000 - 1200 BC)
- Characterized by tools and weapons made from bronze, a stronger metal produced by blending copper and tin.
- The Sumerians are credited with discovering the process of making bronze.
Iron Age (1500 BC - 450 AD)
- This period saw the adoption of iron smelting technology, which allowed for the production of strong, cheap, and lighter tools than bronze.
Middle Ages (450 - 1450 AD)
- This period (specifically 12th-13th centuries) saw significant technological advancements.
- Inventions included the windmill, first mechanical clocks, gunpowder, eyeglasses, and the astrolabe.
The Industrial Age (18th - 19th centuries)
- Marked by the availability of electricity and development of factories for mass production.
20th Century to Date
- Major changes in science and technology occurred during this time, marked by new scientific theories impacting technological advancements.
The Information Age (Computer Age, Digital Age, or New Media Age)
- Characterized by inventions such as the computer, leading to an economy based on information computerization.
Impacts of Scientific and Technological Development
- The Industrial Revolution caused large-scale pollution and depletion of natural resources.
- This resulted in:
- Air pollution: Released from burning fossil fuels, factories, power stations, mass agriculture, and vehicles.
- Water pollution: Contamination of water bodies due to industrial waste and overuse of resources.
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Description
Explore the fascinating timeline of the Stone Age, which spans from 2.5 million years ago to 3000 BC. This quiz covers the key periods, including the Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic, highlighting the evolution of tools, cultural practices, and early human societies. Test your knowledge about early human history and their innovations.
