Questions and Answers
What is a scanning electron microscope (SEM)?
A type of electron microscope that produces high-resolution images of the surface of a sample.
Which of the following are types of electron microscopes?
Match the following cell types with their characteristics:
Prokaryotic Cells = Do not have a nucleus Eukaryotic Cells = Have a defined nucleus Plant Cells = Contain chloroplasts and a cell wall Animal Cells = Do not have a cell wall
The primary function of the ribosomes is to synthesize ______.
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All types of cells have a plasma membrane.
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What is the function of mitochondria in cells?
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Study Notes
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
- A type of electron microscope that provides detailed three-dimensional images of the surface of specimens.
- Uses focused beams of electrons to scan the surface, providing high-resolution images.
History of the Microscope
- Progression from early optical microscopes to advanced electron microscopes.
- Development of the compound microscope, which combines multiple lenses for better magnification.
- Introduction of electron microscopes, leading to significant advances in cellular and molecular biology, specifically TEM and SEM.
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
- Another type of electron microscope, used for imaging thin specimens at high resolution.
- Allows visualization of internal structures of cells and tissues.
Themes of Anatomy and Physiology
- Focuses on the relationship between the structure of biological entities (anatomy) and their function (physiology).
Cell Theory Principles
- Fundamental principles that outline the characteristics of all living organisms.
- Emphasizes that all living things are composed of one or more cells, with the cell being the basic unit of life.
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
- Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, characterized by simpler structures.
- Eukaryotic cells have a defined nucleus and contain various organelles, such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum.
Common Cell Organelles
- Plasma membrane: A protective barrier that regulates interactions with the environment.
- Nucleus: Contains genetic material, controls cell activities.
- Ribosomes: Sites of protein synthesis.
- Cytoplasm: Gel-like substance where cellular processes occur.
- Mitochondrion: Powerhouse of the cell, involved in energy production.
- Cytoskeleton: Provides structure and shape to the cell.
Organelles Exclusive to Eukaryotic Cells
- Vacuole: Storage compartment for nutrients and waste.
- Endoplasmic reticulum: Network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
- Lysosomes: Contain digestive enzymes for breakdown of waste.
- Golgi apparatus: Modifies and packages proteins for transport.
- Peroxisome: Involved in lipid metabolism and detoxification.
- Vesicles: Small membrane-bound sacs for transport within the cell.
Differences Between Plant and Animal Cells
- Plant cells have a rigid cell wall and chloroplasts for photosynthesis, while animal cells lack these features.
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Description
Explore the evolution of microscopy with a focus on the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). This quiz delves into its history, design, and applications in scientific research. Test your knowledge and learn key advancements in microscopy technology.
