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Questions and Answers
What are the two main classes of fictional prose?
What are the two main classes of fictional prose?
Tale or Romance and Novel
What distinguishes 'Tale or Romance' from a 'Novel'?
What distinguishes 'Tale or Romance' from a 'Novel'?
Tale or romance depends on incident and adventure for its main interest, while the novel focuses on character and motive.
What is the origin of the English novel and when did it peak?
What is the origin of the English novel and when did it peak?
The English novel originated in the 16th and 17th centuries and reached its peak in the Age of Pope and Dr. Johnson.
Who are considered the 'four wheels' of the novel?
Who are considered the 'four wheels' of the novel?
What was the main factor responsible for the rise of the novel in 18th century England?
What was the main factor responsible for the rise of the novel in 18th century England?
What were the aspirations of the newly rich middle class in 18th century England?
What were the aspirations of the newly rich middle class in 18th century England?
The novel was a direct product of the middle class in 18th century England.
The novel was a direct product of the middle class in 18th century England.
What are some factors that contributed to the rise of the novel in the 18th century?
What are some factors that contributed to the rise of the novel in the 18th century?
The 17th century literature flourished under the patronage of the upper classes.
The 17th century literature flourished under the patronage of the upper classes.
What major social changes were experienced by the middle class in the 18th century?
What major social changes were experienced by the middle class in the 18th century?
What was the main characteristic of 18th century literature?
What was the main characteristic of 18th century literature?
Women in the 18th century had restricted opportunities to engage in activities traditionally associated with men.
Women in the 18th century had restricted opportunities to engage in activities traditionally associated with men.
What role did novels play in the lives of women during the 18th century?
What role did novels play in the lives of women during the 18th century?
Why were novels published in serialized form in the 18th century?
Why were novels published in serialized form in the 18th century?
The development of the printing press made it more cost-effective to produce and distribute books.
The development of the printing press made it more cost-effective to produce and distribute books.
What was the main reason for the decline of drama in the 18th century?
What was the main reason for the decline of drama in the 18th century?
What significant social changes took place in Europe during the Renaissance?
What significant social changes took place in Europe during the Renaissance?
What was the impact of these social changes on the emergence of the novel?
What was the impact of these social changes on the emergence of the novel?
The emergence of the novel in the 18th century was closely linked to the growing confidence in human agency and the belief that individuals could shape their own lives and destinies.
The emergence of the novel in the 18th century was closely linked to the growing confidence in human agency and the belief that individuals could shape their own lives and destinies.
What were the key characteristics of the novel as a literary form in the 18th century?
What were the key characteristics of the novel as a literary form in the 18th century?
Who are considered some of the significant contributors to the development of the novel in the 18th century?
Who are considered some of the significant contributors to the development of the novel in the 18th century?
Jane Austen's novels were all popular during her lifetime.
Jane Austen's novels were all popular during her lifetime.
What is the main theme explored in 'Pride and Prejudice'?
What is the main theme explored in 'Pride and Prejudice'?
What major works did Jane Austen write?
What major works did Jane Austen write?
What is Jane Austen often considered to be a master of?
What is Jane Austen often considered to be a master of?
What are the key elements of a 'pure novel', according to Jane Austen?
What are the key elements of a 'pure novel', according to Jane Austen?
What is the original title of 'Pride and Prejudice'?
What is the original title of 'Pride and Prejudice'?
What is the main reason for the popularity of 'Pride and Prejudice'?
What is the main reason for the popularity of 'Pride and Prejudice'?
Jane Austen received numerous awards during her lifetime for her novels.
Jane Austen received numerous awards during her lifetime for her novels.
Why are Jane Austen's novels considered classics of English literature?
Why are Jane Austen's novels considered classics of English literature?
What is the main setting of 'Pride and Prejudice'?
What is the main setting of 'Pride and Prejudice'?
What family is central to the plot of 'Pride and Prejudice'?
What family is central to the plot of 'Pride and Prejudice'?
What are the names of the five Bennet sisters in 'Pride and Prejudice'?
What are the names of the five Bennet sisters in 'Pride and Prejudice'?
What are the two central characters in the romance plot of 'Pride and Prejudice'?
What are the two central characters in the romance plot of 'Pride and Prejudice'?
What are the key themes explored in 'Lord of the Flies'?
What are the key themes explored in 'Lord of the Flies'?
What is the main setting of 'Lord of the Flies'?
What is the main setting of 'Lord of the Flies'?
Who is the central character who is elected as the leader of the boys in 'Lord of the Flies'?
Who is the central character who is elected as the leader of the boys in 'Lord of the Flies'?
What is the main conflict in 'Lord of the Flies'?
What is the main conflict in 'Lord of the Flies'?
What is the significance of the 'beast' in 'Lord of the Flies'?
What is the significance of the 'beast' in 'Lord of the Flies'?
What is the main theme explored in 'Mrs. Dalloway'?
What is the main theme explored in 'Mrs. Dalloway'?
What is the central character in 'Mrs. Dalloway'?
What is the central character in 'Mrs. Dalloway'?
What literary technique is prominently used in 'Mrs. Dalloway'?
What literary technique is prominently used in 'Mrs. Dalloway'?
What prominent symbol represents the passing of time and societal constraints in 'Mrs. Dalloway'?
What prominent symbol represents the passing of time and societal constraints in 'Mrs. Dalloway'?
What are the major themes explored in 'Hard Times' by Charles Dickens?
What are the major themes explored in 'Hard Times' by Charles Dickens?
What is the main setting for 'Hard Times'?
What is the main setting for 'Hard Times'?
What is the central character who represents the struggles of the working class in 'Hard Times'?
What is the central character who represents the struggles of the working class in 'Hard Times'?
What are the major criticisms of industrial society that Dickens presents in 'Hard Times'?
What are the major criticisms of industrial society that Dickens presents in 'Hard Times'?
What are some of the key themes explored in the Victorian period?
What are some of the key themes explored in the Victorian period?
Victorian women writers were largely confined to writing about domestic life and romance.
Victorian women writers were largely confined to writing about domestic life and romance.
What is the main argument of this essay about Victorian women writers and characters?
What is the main argument of this essay about Victorian women writers and characters?
Victorian women writers were influential in promoting feminist movements and advocating for women's rights.
Victorian women writers were influential in promoting feminist movements and advocating for women's rights.
Flashcards
Tale or Romance
Tale or Romance
A type of fictional prose that primarily focuses on exciting incidents and adventures, thrilling the reader.
Novel
Novel
A more complex type of fiction that emphasizes character development, motives, and the exploration of human nature.
The Rise of the Middle Class
The Rise of the Middle Class
This social group, which included merchants and professionals, gained significant power and influence during the 18th century, driving demand for new forms of literature.
Transformation of Religion
Transformation of Religion
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The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment
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Realism in the Novel
Realism in the Novel
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Social Commentary in the Novel
Social Commentary in the Novel
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Pride and Prejudice - Novel
Pride and Prejudice - Novel
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Steventon, Hampshire
Steventon, Hampshire
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Bath, England
Bath, England
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Sense and Sensibility
Sense and Sensibility
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Northanger Abbey
Northanger Abbey
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Mansfield Park
Mansfield Park
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Emma - Novel
Emma - Novel
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Persuasion
Persuasion
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Concentration on Humans and Mutual Reactions
Concentration on Humans and Mutual Reactions
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Concentration on Design
Concentration on Design
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Relations Between Characters and a Central Theme
Relations Between Characters and a Central Theme
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Recognition of Limits
Recognition of Limits
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A Middle-Class, Provincial Setting
A Middle-Class, Provincial Setting
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Courtship and Marriage
Courtship and Marriage
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Economy of Material
Economy of Material
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Irony and Moral Commentary
Irony and Moral Commentary
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Lord of the Flies - Novel
Lord of the Flies - Novel
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Establishment of Society
Establishment of Society
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Savagery and Primal Instincts
Savagery and Primal Instincts
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The Beast
The Beast
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Loss of Innocence
Loss of Innocence
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Power and Authority
Power and Authority
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Social Order and Anarchy
Social Order and Anarchy
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The Conch Shell
The Conch Shell
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Symbolism in Lord of the Flies
Symbolism in Lord of the Flies
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Study Notes
Types of Novels
- Two main classes of fictional prose exist: Tale or Romance and Novel.
- Tale or Romance depends on incident and adventure.
- Novel depends on character development and motivation.
English Novel History
- Originated in the 16th and 17th centuries.
- Reached a peak in the Age of Pope and Dr. Johnson.
- Four key novelists of the Augustan Age (Neo-classical age): Richardson, Smollett, Fielding, and Sterne.
Factors Influencing the Rise of the Novel in the 18th Century
- Rise of the Middle Class: The 18th century saw a rise in the middle class due to increased trade and commerce.
- Economic Prosperity: This new class had disposable income for leisure activities, including reading.
- Social Mobility: Unlike the rigid social structure of the aristocracy, the middle class offered opportunities for upward social mobility. Novels reflected this.
- Accessibility & Serialization: Novels were serialized in affordable form, making them widely accessible.
- Increased Literacy: More people learned to read, increasing the demand for reading material.
- Development of Printing Press: Easier and more cost-effective distribution made books more readily available.
Role of Women
- During the 18th century, women had limited opportunities for activities outside of domestic duties.
- Reading novels became a significant leisure activity.
- Novels provided knowledge, stimulation, and emotional outlet.
- Female characters offered a sense of identification and empathy for readers.
Rise of Realism
- 18th-century literature was characterized by realism, reason, intellect and correctness.
- Enthusiasm, passion, and imagination declined in importance.
Decline of Drama
- Drama lost prominence during the 18th century.
- The English novel took its place.
Emergence of Novel
- The emergence of the novel as a form of realistic narrative was tied to social changes and shifting values like the rise of confidence in the power of individuals to shape their destinies.
- Spiritual experience and moral choices became more personal.
The Novel as a Literary Form
- Novel was a platform to explore human existence by delving into everyday life of ordinary people.
- It represented alternative forms of storytelling.
- The novel allowed for a more nuanced portrayal of society.
- Novels provide moral dimensions, social dynamics and the struggles of individuals.
Jane Austen
- Born in 1775- Died in 1817
- Author of six famous novels, none of which were popular during her lifetime.
- Novels gained popularity after her death.
- Important themes are marriage, family, social class, and societal expectations.
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