Questions and Answers
What was the enclosure movement?
What is the domestic system?
A system in which men and women work in their homes by hand to produce goods.
What is the flying shuttle?
A key development in weaving that allowed one-handed operation.
What role did the spinning Jenny play?
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What is the water frame?
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What is a power loom?
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Who invented the cotton gin?
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Who invented the first steam engine?
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What were James Watt's contributions?
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What is the Bessemer process?
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Who was George Stephenson?
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Who invented the steamboat?
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What did Samuel Morse develop?
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Who is Alessandro Volta?
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What did the Factory Act of 1833 do?
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What is commercial capitalism?
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What is industrial capitalism?
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What is the division of labor?
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Study Notes
Enclosure Movement
- Occurred in the 1600s in England; involved the fencing off of common lands into individual holdings.
- Primarily benefited wealthy landholders, disrupting traditional communal farming practices.
Domestic System
- Involved men and women working at home, producing goods by hand.
- England faced a shortage of cotton cloth, leading to increased demand for textile production.
Flying Shuttle
- Developed by John Kay; revolutionized weaving by allowing weavers to operate a loom one-handed.
- Played a critical role in the onset of the Industrial Revolution.
Spinning Jenny
- Invented by James Hargreaves around 1764; mechanized textile production by enabling the spinning of multiple yarns simultaneously.
- Patented in 1770 with a version capable of spinning 16 yarns at once.
Water Frame
- Invented by Richard Arkwright in the 1780s; a water-powered spinning machine.
- Significantly increased yarn production speed, contributing to mechanized loom development.
Power Loom
- Invented by Edward Cartwright in 1787; a mechanically operated loom.
- Allowed factories to increase textile production by streamlining the job of workers.
Eli Whitney
- Invented the cotton gin, a machine that efficiently separated cotton from its seeds.
- This innovation led to expanded cotton farming and an increased demand for slave labor in the South.
Thomas Newcomen
- Created the first practical steam engine in 1705, enhancing coal burning to produce steam for pumping.
- His design was predominant in English and Scottish mines by the early 1770s.
James Watt
- A Scottish engineer known for improving the steam engine, significantly enhancing its efficiency and industrial application.
Bessemer Process
- A method for producing steel by blowing air through molten iron to eliminate excess carbon and impurities.
- Marked a significant advancement in steel manufacturing during the industrial era.
George Stephenson
- Finished the first effective locomotive in 1825 and introduced the Rocket in 1830.
- The Rocket achieved speeds of 16 mph on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway.
Robert Fulton
- Invented the steamboat, integrating a powerful steam engine for improved river travel.
- Enabled upstream navigation, boosting trade and transportation within states.
Samuel Morse
- Developed the electric telegraph, allowing rapid information transfer using a dot-slash code.
- Enhanced communication over long distances and connected communities.
Alessandro Volta
- An Italian scientist credited with creating the first battery and electrochemical cell in 1799.
- His work established a foundation for electrical science through the discovery of chemical reactions that produce electricity.
Factory Act of 1833
- Established regulations limiting work hours for children and adolescents in factories.
- Required factory owners to provide schooling for children under nine, altering family work patterns in factories.
Commercial Capitalism
- An economic system focused on trade and goods investment for profit that emerged during the high Middle Ages.
- Fostered the creation of new trading companies due to a shift from a barter economy to a money-based economy.
Industrial Capitalism
- Emerged during the Industrial Revolution when capitalists engaged directly in production and manufacturing.
- Characterized by mechanized production methods to enhance efficiency and output.
Division of Labor
- A manufacturing technique that streamlines production processes by assigning specific tasks to different workers.
- Increases efficiency and productivity within factories.
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Description
Explore the key concepts and terms related to the Enclosure Movement in 17th century England through these flashcards. Understand the impact it had on land ownership and the domestic system of production. Perfect for history enthusiasts looking to deepen their knowledge of this pivotal period.
