History of Television

• The word "technology" comes from the Greek words techne and logos, meaning art and word, respectively.
• Technology means a discourse on arts.

Television

• Kantar Media reports that 92% of urban homes and 70% of rural homes in the Philippines own at least one television set.
• The current count of households with television sets in the Philippines has reached 15.135 million.
• Television was a product of different experiments by various people.
• Paul Gottlieb Nipkow, a German student, was successful in sending images through wires with the aid of a rotating metal disk in the late 1800s.
• Nipkow's invention was called the "electric telescope" and had 18 lines of resolution.
• In 1907, Alan Archibald Campbell-Swinton (English scientist) and Boris Rosing (Russian scientist) created a new system of television by using the cathode ray tube in addition to the mechanical scanner system.
• These experiments gave rise to two types of television systems: mechanical and electronic television.

Mobile Phones

• On April 3, 1973, Martin Cooper, a senior engineer at Motorola, made the world's first mobile phone call.
• The mobile phone used by Cooper weighed 1.1 kilograms and measured 228.6 x 127 x 44.4 mm.
• This device was capable of a 30-minute talk time, but took 10 hours to charge.
• In 1983, Motorola made their first commercial mobile phone available to the public, called the Motorola DynaTAC 8000X.

Computers

• Charles Babbage, a nineteenth-century English Mathematics professor, designed the Analytical Engine, which served as the basic framework for computers.
• Computers can be classified into three generations.
• Each computer generation had a specific purpose and improved upon previous versions.
• The first true portable computer, the Osborne 1, was released in April 1981.
• A typical household owns at least four of the following devices: a mobile phone (89%), smartphone (53%), tablet (14%), desktop (39%), laptop or netbooks (37%), and smart TV (4%).
• There are 119 million mobile phone subscriptions.
• Filipinos spend about 3.2 hours on mobile phones and 5.2 hours on desktop daily.
• There are 47 million active accounts in the Philippines, and the Philippines is the fastest-growing application market in Southeast Asia.

Roles of Technological Advancements

• Television is used for:
  • Advertisements and information dissemination.
  • Recreational activity and stress relief.
  • A platform for propaganda and advocacy.
  • Social gatherings with family members.
• Mobile phones are used for:
  • Communication.
  • Internet browsing.
  • Taking pictures.
  • Music, calendar, radio, etc.
• Computers and laptops offer:
  • Internet surfing and communication.
  • Games.

Ethical Dilemmas

• First Dilemma: Overuse of technological devices can lead to health problems.
• Second Dilemma: Children may not understand the potential consequences of technology.

Robotics and Humanity

• A robot is a product of the innovative minds of the people
• Robots are now widely used, and are now also called service robots
• Service robots focus mainly on assisting their masters in their everyday tasks
• The International Federation of Robotics (IFR) and United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) formulated a definition for service robots.
• A robot is defined as an actuated mechanism programmable in two or more axes with a degree of autonomy, moving within its environment, to perform intended tasks.
• A service robot performs useful tasks for humans or equipment, excluding industrial automation applications.
• There are personal service robots and service robots for personal use that are for noncommercial tasks, commonly done by laypersons.

Types of Robots

• Domestic servant robots
• Automated wheelchairs
• Personal mobility assist robots
• Pet exercising robots
• Professional service robots are service robots for commercial tasks, and operated by trained personnel

Examples of professional service robots

• Cleaning robots for public places
• Delivery robots in offices or hospitals
• Firefighting robots
• Rehabilitation robots
• Surgery robots
• In this context, an operator is a person designated to start, monitor, and stop the intended operation of a robot

DESIRE

• DESIRE (Deutsche Service robotik Initiative Germany Service Robotics Initiative) is a collaborative project launched on October 1, 2005, sponsored by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research.

DESIRE Objectives

• DESIRE aims to achieve a technological edge towards attaining key functions and components suited for everyday use.
• DESIRE aims to create a reference architecture for mobile manipulation; promote the convergence of technologies through integration into a common technology platform
• DESIRE aims to conduct pre-competition research and development activities for new products and technology transfer in start-up enterprises in the field of service robotics

Examples of work to be performed by DESIRE

• Cleaning up the kitchen table
• Filling the dishwasher
• Cleaning up this room

Roles of Robotics

• To ease workload of mankind
• To make life more efficient and less stressful
• To entertain people

Isaac Asimov’s laws of robotics

• Law One: A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
• Law Two: A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.
• Law Three: A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.

Ethical dilemmas faced by robotics

• Safety
• Emotional Component
• Partial autonomy includes active human-robot interaction
• Full autonomy excludes active human-robot interaction