History of Speech Recognition

What is the primary challenge in automatic speech recognition, as indicated in the provided content?

Why was the 'Radio Rex' toy able to respond?

Which of the following is a key reason why automated speech recognition is difficult?

In the context of speech perception, what is perceptual invariance?

What are allophones, in the context of phonemes?

How does the brain handle the accurate sorting of variable sounds into correct categories?

What is the voice onset time (VOT)?

Mental categories impose sharp boundaries impacting speech sound perception by making one assume?

What is the implication of the McGurk effect on speech perception?

According to Uri Hasson and colleagues, what is the relationship between acoustic and abstract representation of sounds?

Which brain area is involved in processing detailed acoustic information of speech sounds?

When comparing Standard British English to American English, what is an example of regional dialectical difference?

In the context of speech perception, what does cue weighting refer to?

What is one reason V0T isn't a reliable cue?

The ability to be multilingual does not affect

How does knowledge of surrounding sounds impact what you’re hearing?

When listeners are asked to heard /d/ or /t/ sounds in various word formations, how does a word frame affect the sounds straddling a category boundary?

In the studies conducted by Kuhl and Miller on the categorical perception, which test subjects were used?

What is the phoneme restoration effect?

In speech perception, the tendency to split the difference due to conflicting cues and then perceive it as another sound is due to

What did the study run by Emily Myers and her colleagues uncover about the brain's process of abstract sounds?

What was a factor in why researchers chose to study the effects of musical training of 9-month-olds by Christina Zhao and Pat Kuhl?

How do listeners adapt and generalize across accented talkers?

In the study of infant speech perception that used teethers by Bruderer et al, what was the purpose of the flat tether?

What is a possible effect of an individual with greater use of burst durations that assist the release of articulators?

According to Stasenko studies, what does brain damage to the inferior frontal gyrus, premotor cortex, and primary motor cortex lead to?

How did Stasenko and colleagues determine that the stroke patient's issues stemmed from articulation challenges?

For the most successful ventriloquist arts, what do they rely on us to do in the process of speech sounds?

As we develop during speech perception, which example relies the least on articulatory information?

In general, where are younger people more sensitive and skillful in, versus an older crowd?

Which technique allows researchers to deliver electric current to targeted areas of the brain through the skull and observe the effects of this stimulation on behavioral performance?

One of the benefits of the technique of TMS is?

What best helps parents determine whether their child may have an ear dialect?

In assessing patients with dyslexia, one test measures speech sounds to determine?

How does the performance of children with dyslexia differ than their neurotypical age-peers when performing a categorical perception of the sounds of speech?

What is true in regard to those with and without dyslexia?

What sets human speech recognition apart from simply detecting acoustic properties?

Why is chunking a stream of acoustic information into units of language complex?

How does the act of typing bypass the complexity of recognizing language's basic units?

According to the provided text, what is the 'core problem' explored in the chapter?

What does speech perception require listeners to do beyond simply hearing sounds?

Why does this content compare spoken language to Easter eggs on a conveyor belt?

How does coarticulation affect speech perception?

What is the challenge that perceptual invariance poses to identifying components of speech?

Why is the cup and bowl example used?

What is the role of the vocal folds in the production of voiced and voiceless sounds?

How does categorical perception affect the way sounds are perceived?

What does research suggest about the perception of signed language?

In the variability of a 'U' or 'V' handshape experiments, why were participants more sensitive to the 'U' variation in handshapes versus the 'V' shape?

What does the 'forced-choice identification task' reveal about speech perception?

What does the study led by Emily Myers suggest about speech perception?

According to the study of differing accounts in scientific study, what does it provide when results conflict?

What does the ABX discrimination task accomplish that the forced-choice identification task does not?

What does cue weighting explain about the process of speech recognition?

Why might it not be worth paying attention to the variability of a cue?

What musical aspects are used to help someone become sensitive to and zoom in or disregard others?

In the study of the music program and the infants, what element was added to make the waltz based musical rhythm more difficult?

What does the ability to recognize bananas under different lighting conditions suggest about speech perception?

What did the Ganong effect demonstrate about speech perception?

What is the McGurk effect an example of?

In the study by Hasson and colleagues, what did they find when some brain regions equate a ta-percept?

What did Alena Stasenko uncover about the patient who had had a stroke?

What occurs for the listener in ventriloquism?

What can influence language learning when learning how to use sounds from various speakers, according to research?

The study that was conducted by Xin Xie, what was revealed in their findings for English Speaking Listeners adapting to the mandarin accented speech?

Why might having high variable pronunciation be confusing for language learners?

In studying the multiple accents, what can exposure to this do to younger children?

At what stage have babies have shown trouble recognizing words that include a shift in the talker's style?

What does a study by David Saltzman and Emily Myers show in their 2017 research?

What do tests for categorical perception measure?

According to Riikka Mottonen, what will occur if the motor representations play to speech?

What does one need to accomplish at all times for speech to be at its full capacity?

What, specifically, did Alison Bruderer uncover about babies at the age of 6 months?

According to research by Patti Adank in 2010 where was the study that was performed?

What do studies of voice over the web and vision lead to about people who have more movement in general?

According to research, what is known to have a strong hereditary and has a basis for likely playing a role?

Why may reading not come as natural at times, and can be easy to derail?