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Questions and Answers
What was the primary purpose of chattel slavery in North America?
Who were the first people enslaved by Europeans in North America?
What was the main occupation of slaves in North America?
What was the general attitude of the Founding Fathers towards slavery?
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What was the outcome of the Dred Scott v. Sanford case?
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Who was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court during the Dred Scott case?
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What was the significance of the 54th Massachusetts Regiment?
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What was the period following the Civil War called?
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What was one example of progress during the Reconstruction Era?
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What was one example of regress during the Reconstruction Era?
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What was the result of the Bargain/Compromise of 1877?
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What was the main purpose of Jim Crow laws?
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How did people try to keep African Americans from voting?
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Which abolitionist was also a former slave?
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Study Notes
Definition of Slavery and Chattel
- Slavery is defined as a system in which people are treated as property to be bought, sold, and owned.
- Chattel is a type of property that can be moved from one place to another, including slaves.
European Slavery of Africans
- Europeans obtained slaves from Africa through:
- Capturing Africans during wars and raids
- Buying slaves from African kingdoms and chiefs
- Kidnapping Africans from their villages and towns
European Slavery in North America
- Before enslaving Africans, Europeans enslaved Native Americans and indentured servants in North America.
- Europeans mainly used slave labor in North America for:
- Tobacco and sugar plantations
- Building infrastructure and harvesting crops
Laws Restricting African Americans
- Two types of laws that restricted the rights and freedoms of African Americans are:
- Black Codes
- Jim Crow laws
Founders' Views on Slavery
- Most of the Founders of the U.S. thought of slavery as a necessary evil, but disagreed on its morality.
Dred Scott v. Sanford
- The main outcome of the Dred Scott v. Sanford case was that African Americans, free or slave, were not U.S. citizens and had no right to sue in court.
- The case declared that African Americans were not people, but property.
- Chief Justice Roger Taney presided over the case.
Abolitionists' Achievements
Harriet Beecher Stowe
- Wrote the influential novel "Uncle Tom's Cabin"
- Advocated for the abolition of slavery
John Brown
- Led the raid on Harpers Ferry to initiate a slave revolt
- Advocated for the violent overthrow of the slave system
Harriet Tubman
- Escaped from slavery and became a conductor on the Underground Railroad
- Led hundreds of slaves to freedom in the North
Frederick Douglass
- Escaped from slavery and became a prominent abolitionist speaker and writer
- Founded The North Star, an abolitionist newspaper
William Lloyd Garrison
- Founded The Liberator, an abolitionist newspaper
- Advocated for the immediate emancipation of all slaves
Abraham Lincoln
- Issued the Emancipation Proclamation, freeing slaves in Confederate territory
- Signed the 13th Amendment, abolishing slavery in the United States
Sojourner Truth
- Escaped from slavery and became a prominent abolitionist and women's rights activist
- Advocated for the rights of African American women in the abolitionist movement
54th Massachusetts Regiment
- The 54th Massachusetts Regiment was the first formal unit of the Union Army during the Civil War
- It was composed of African American soldiers, marking a significant milestone in the fight against slavery and racism
Reconstruction Era
- The period following the Civil War is called Reconstruction
- Two examples of progress during this period are:
- The passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments
- The establishment of public schools for African Americans
- Two examples of regress during this period are:
- The rise of white supremacist groups and violence
- The establishment of Jim Crow laws and racial segregation
Compromise of 1877
- The Compromise of 1877 ended the Reconstruction Era and allowed Rutherford B. Hayes to take office as President
- In exchange, federal troops were withdrawn from the South, allowing Democrats to take control of state governments and implement Jim Crow laws
Jim Crow Laws
- Jim Crow laws were a set of racial segregation laws enacted in the South between the 1870s and 1960s
- Two ways people tried to keep African Americans from voting are:
- Literacy tests and poll taxes
- Grandfather clauses and white primaries
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Description
Explore the history of slavery, from its definition to the ways Europeans obtained slaves from Africa. Learn about the concept of chattel and more.
