History of Psychology: Session 2 - Pre-Psychology
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Questions and Answers

What does the Chariot Allegory symbolize in Plato's view of the soul?

  • The journey of the human experience
  • The struggle between intellect and passion (correct)
  • The duality of body and spirit
  • The importance of physical health

    • What critique did Noam Chomsky present regarding B.F. Skinner's ideas on language acquisition?

  • Language is primarily learned through imitation.
  • Language acquisition cannot be fully explained by experience. (correct)
  • Children have enough exposure to linguistic data.
  • Environmental factors are the sole influencers of language learning.

    • In the Chariot Allegory, what do the two horses represent?

  • The struggle between reason and ignorance
  • Noble character and base instincts
  • The intellect and the physical body
  • Rational thoughts and emotional responses (correct)

    • What aspect of Plato's philosophy is reflected in the statement that 'only the intellect, not the body, is immortal'?

    <p>The separation of mind and matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Chomsky's argument relate to Plato's problem regarding language acquisition?

    <p>Both imply that some knowledge is inherent and not solely learned.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Aristippus associate with well-being?

    <p>Pleasure and happiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Aristotle, which factor is crucial for achieving happiness?

    <p>Living in accordance with virtue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does eudaimonism suggest about well-being?

    <p>It focuses on realizing one's true nature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement aligns with Aristotle's view of happiness over time?

    <p>Happiness must be consistent throughout life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do modern theories relate to Aristotelian and Aristippian thought?

    <p>They combine aspects of both hedonism and eudaimonism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What philosophical institution did Plato establish in 385 BC?

    <p>The Academy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Plato's Theory of Forms primarily assert about reality?

    <p>Reality is fundamentally mental or mentally constructed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Plato's dualist view, what are the two elements that are separated?

    <p>Body and soul</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'anamnesis' in Plato's philosophy refer to?

    <p>The process of recalling innate knowledge through inquiry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Plato's Meno, how does Socrates demonstrate the idea of innate knowledge?

    <p>By having the slave draw geometric figures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What incorrect guess does the slave make about the side length of a square to double its area?

    <p>It must be doubled in length.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What philosophical view asserts that the soul possesses a priori knowledge?

    <p>Nativism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method does Socrates primarily use to lead the slave to the correct understanding in Meno?

    <p>Socratic questioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Aristotle compare the relationship between soul and body to?

    <p>The comparison of wax and its shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which faculty is responsible for movement according to Aristotle's tripartite view of the soul?

    <p>Kinetikon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Modern theories of intellectual and personality functions suggest the existence of what kind of factors?

    <p>Latent factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, which concept is NOT associated with Aristotle's intellectual faculty?

    <p>Social understanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of modern psychological theories mentioned in the content?

    <p>Latent psychological constructs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What astronomical phenomenon did the book verify to support the heliocentric view?

    <p>Phases of Venus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the book claim is necessary to understand the Universe?

    <p>The language of mathematics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system did Tycho Brahe propose that combined different models?

    <p>The hybrid system of Copernican and Ptolemaic models</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which celestial bodies were mentioned as orbiting the Sun in Brahe's system?

    <p>Mercury and Venus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What false theory related to tides was discovered in the explorations discussed in the book?

    <p>A theory of tides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the characters of the language of the Universe described?

    <p>As geometrical figures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What central idea does the book convey about understanding astronomical phenomena?

    <p>Mathematical interpretation is essential.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of sunspots does the book suggest was utilized to support a specific astronomical theory?

    <p>Support for the heliocentric model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Francis Bacon's 'Novum Organum Scientarium'?

    <p>Popularizing the scientific method.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Bacon recommend generalizing findings in his scientific method?

    <p>By building a case based on accumulating data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following steps is NOT part of Bacon's method for explaining a phenomenon?

    <p>Conducting experiments in controlled environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate goal of Bacon's inductive reasoning process?

    <p>To identify correlations between factors related to a phenomenon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Bacon's method, what is the function of ranking lists of occurrences?

    <p>To deduce factors associated with the occurrence of a phenomenon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    connect the correct: Aristotles 4 Causes

    <p>final = what is it for? material = what is it made of? formal = what is it to be? efficient = what produces it?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Theorys/Views are based on the grundwork of Plato?

    <p>Dualist Views</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Monism says body and soul are dependant on each other and the body is the souls groundwork

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statements are true for Francis Bacon?

    <p>he helped to popularise methodologys like the inductive method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    which statements are trhe about Descartes

    <p>Descartes was a Rationalist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    which thesis is/are part of the Rationalistic view

    <p>innate knowledge thesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    connect the correct: Rationalism Thesis

    <p>/intuition/Deduction thesis = asserts that key truths about reality are discovered through reasoning and intuition, independent of sensory experience. innate knowledge thesis = the knowledge of a particular S is part of our rational nature. Innate concept thesis = some concepts we employ in a S are part of our rational nature Indispensability of reason thesis = experience cannot provide what we gain from reason</p> Signup and view all the answers

    the superiority of Reason Thesis is a Rationalisms Thesis

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    whats wrong concering John Locke

    <p>he maintained that we are born with innate ideas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statements are True about David Hume?

    <p>his contribution on associationism is still studied today</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    History of Psychology: Session 2 - Pre-Psychology

    • Psychology's roots trace back to classical antiquity, forming part of philosophical inquiry
    • Key questions in philosophy, including the nature of knowledge, the soul, ethics, and morality, were influential in the early development of psychological thought.
    • The scientific revolution in the Renaissance and Enlightenment eras marked a shift in how we understand the world and human behavior
    • Rationalism and empiricism emerged as differing viewpoints regarding the origin and nature of knowledge, impacting the way we conceptualise human nature.
    • Early thinkers like Plato and Aristotle laid groundwork through their ideas about the soul (psyche) and knowledge.
    • Plato's theory of forms suggests that knowledge is innate and accessible via recollection; his allegory of the cave illustrates that sensory experience can be misleading - an incomplete view.
    • Aristotle's emphasis on observation and empirical study formed the basis for many later scientific approaches; he introduced the concept of different causes (material, formal, efficient, and final) to understanding phenomena; He was a monist, believing that the body and the soul are interdependent rather than separate entities, as postulated by Plato's dualism.
    • Galileo Galilei, a key figure in the scientific revolution, challenged established dogma and demonstrated that observation and experimentation could yield new understanding in the physical world, impacting psychology's development.
    • Francis Bacon's inductive method (accumulating data to build a case) was pivotal in the maturation of scientific methods.
    • Philosophers like Descartes further explored the nature of the mind, body, and their interaction within the context of rationalism. Descartes believed innate knowledge exists, and proposed the pineal gland as the site of mind-body interaction.
    • Philosophers like John Locke and David Hume challenged the notion of innate ideas; Empiricists who emphasised experience and observation as the foundation of knowledge.

    Key Figures in Pre-Psychology

    • Plato: influenced idealism and nativism
    • Aristotle: explored empiricism and different causes
    • Galileo Galilei: demonstrated the use of observation and experimentation
    • Francis Bacon: championed the inductive method
    • René Descartes: investigated interactions between mind and body, and contributed to dualism and nativism
    • John Locke: emphasised the role of experience in knowledge acquisition, associated with empiricism
    • David Hume: argued against innate ideas
    • Immanuel Kant: a link between rationalism and empiricism

    Additional Concepts

    • The term “psychology” emerged over time; evolving from philosophical topics into a field of dedicated study.
    • Different perspectives concerning the nature of the human mind influenced how psychology was understood; the heated debates around nature and nurture still resonate in contemporary psychology.
    • The rise of universities and the institutionalization of inquiry into the structure and function of the mind further shaped the evolution of psychology.

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    Description

    Explore the foundational ideas that shaped psychology from ancient philosophy. This quiz delves into the contributions of early thinkers like Plato and Aristotle, as well as the impact of the Renaissance and Enlightenment on the scientific understanding of human behavior. Test your knowledge on how philosophical inquiries influenced the evolution of psychological thought.

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