Podcast
Questions and Answers
What method did Watson and Rayner use in their study on conditioned emotional reactions?
What method did Watson and Rayner use in their study on conditioned emotional reactions?
Edward Thorndike is known for his work in operant conditioning.
Edward Thorndike is known for his work in operant conditioning.
False
What was the unconditioned stimulus in Watson and Rayner's study involving little Albert?
What was the unconditioned stimulus in Watson and Rayner's study involving little Albert?
loud noise
In Pavlov’s experiments, the ____ stimulus was originally neutral until it was paired with the unconditioned stimulus.
In Pavlov’s experiments, the ____ stimulus was originally neutral until it was paired with the unconditioned stimulus.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the psychologist to their contribution:
Match the psychologist to their contribution:
Signup and view all the answers
What is the central concept of classical conditioning?
What is the central concept of classical conditioning?
Signup and view all the answers
B.F. Skinner is primarily associated with the principles of operant conditioning.
B.F. Skinner is primarily associated with the principles of operant conditioning.
Signup and view all the answers
Who is the founder of behaviorism?
Who is the founder of behaviorism?
Signup and view all the answers
In operant conditioning, behavior is modified based on __________ and __________.
In operant conditioning, behavior is modified based on __________ and __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following psychologists with their respective contributions to behaviorism:
Match the following psychologists with their respective contributions to behaviorism:
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
History of Psychology: Session 5 - Behaviorism
- Behaviorism is a purely objective experimental branch of natural science
- The focus is on predicting and controlling behavior
- Introspection is not essential to psychological methods
- The scientific value of data is independent of conscious interpretation
- Behaviorists see no difference between human and animal behavior
- Behaviorism arose as a reaction to other schools of thought
- Behaviorism largely dominated psychology in the 20th century
Key Figures in Behaviorism
-
John B. Watson:
- Born in 1878
- Troubled youth
- Studied under John Dewey
- Earned PhD in 1902
- Professor at Johns Hopkins University
- President of APA
- Divorce and dismissal due to an affair
- Worked in advertising
- Died in 1958
-
Ivan Pavlov:
- His experiments on conditioned reflex were important in developing behaviorism
-
Edward Thorndike:
- Proposed the Law of Effect, which states that responses that produce a satisfying effect in a situation are more likely to occur again, and those that produce a discomforting effect are less likely to occur.
-
B.F. Skinner:
- 1904 Birth
- 1928: Studied psychology (Harvard, Boston)
- 1931: Dissertation from Harvard University
- 1936 to the University of Minnesota
- 1946: Chair of Psychology Dept. at Indiana University
- 1948: Professor of Psychology at Harvard University
- 1974: Retirement
- 1990: Death
Behaviorism: Research Methods
- Classical Conditioning (Pavlov): A learning process where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a stimulus that naturally produces a response;
- Operant Conditioning (Thorndike & Skinner): A learning process where behavior is influenced by its consequences; reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior, and punishment decreases it.
- Systematic Desensitization (Wolpe): A technique for overcoming phobias and other anxiety disorders through gradual exposure to the feared stimulus.
- The Little Albert Experiment (Watson): A famous study demonstrating classical conditioning in humans. Exposed an infant to a white rat and noise which established fear in the infant to the rat.
- Puzzle Boxes (Thorndike): Experiment on animals to observe how animal behavior changes with consequences to the actions.
Behaviorism: Impact & Legacy
- Behaviorist principles have been widely applied in various fields, including therapy, education, and advertising
- Behaviorism's emphasis on observable behaviors and experimental control has significantly influenced the development of modern psychology
- It has been challenged regarding its neglect of internal mental states in behavior explanations.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Explore the foundations of Behaviorism in this fifth session of the History of Psychology course. Learn about key figures like John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov, and Edward Thorndike, and discover the principles that shaped this influential school of thought. Understand how behaviorism focused on objectivity and the prediction of behavior across species.
