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Questions and Answers
What is one of the primary missions of the United States Secret Service?
In what year did J. Edgar Hoover become the Director of the FBI?
Which of the following actions was taken by the FBI in the 1930s?
What is one of the priorities of the FBI?
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Which organization has the responsibility for the Uniform Crime Reports system?
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Which of the following is NOT a stated mission of the United States Secret Service?
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Which type of crimes does the FBI combat as part of its mission?
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What significant contribution did the FBI make in 1932?
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What was the main role of plantation slave patrols in the South?
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By 1910, how many black police officers were recorded in the United States?
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What significant change occurred in the hiring of black police officers in southern U.S. cities?
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What was one of the earliest forms of law enforcement on the American frontier?
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What led to the creation of state police agencies in the United States?
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Which state was the first to establish a modern state law enforcement agency?
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What activities did slave patrols in the South prohibit for enslaved individuals?
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In what year did Texas officially create the Rangers?
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What was the main function of the London Metropolitan Police when it was established in 1829?
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Who established the first publicly funded detective force in London?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding the Constable-Watch System?
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What does the absence of crime signify according to Robert Peel's Principles of Policing?
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How were the London Metropolitan Police organized under Peel's principles?
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Which aspect of policing did Peel emphasize as critical for efficiency?
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What legislation formalized the Constable-Watch System in early England?
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Which of the following best describes the composition of the early police force in England?
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What is the primary focus of the highway patrol model?
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Which state model allows officers to exercise their law enforcement powers anywhere within the state?
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Which of the following services is NOT performed by both state police and highway patrol models?
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What is a common responsibility of the administrative division within Departments of Public Safety?
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Which of the following federal agencies is NOT mentioned as one of the well-known federal law enforcement agencies?
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What is the approximate number of full-time personnel employed by federal agencies as of 2018?
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Which division of the Department of Public Safety is responsible for managing DPS facilities?
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What is the primary purpose of the Department of Public Safety (DPS)?
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What is a major difference between federal law enforcement and local and state police?
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Which of the following was a purpose of the Homeland Security Act of 2002?
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Which of the following duties is typically NOT associated with federal law enforcement agencies?
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What is one of the primary responsibilities of the Department of Homeland Security?
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Which legislative act led to the creation of the Department of Homeland Security?
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Study Notes
The Constable-Watch System
- Early English system of protection where citizens guarded the city and pursued criminals under a constable
- The Statute of Winchester in 1285 formalized it
- One man from each parish served as constable
- Citizens were drafted as unpaid watchmen
- Citizens were required to assist constables and watchmen if needed
The Bow Street Runners
- Founded in 1748 by Henry Fielding in London
- The first publicly funded detective force
- Paved the way for a more professional approach to crime
The London Metropolitan Police
- Created in 1829 due to rising crime and poverty
- Consisted of 1,000 officers and became known as "bobbies" or "peelers"
Robert Peel's Principles of Policing
- Emphasized stability, efficiency, and military organization of police
- Stressed governmental control and that crime absence proves police efficiency
- Highlighted the importance of crime news distribution
- Advocated for proper allocation of police strength by time and area
- Emphasized the importance of temper control for officers
- Stated good appearance garners respect
- Advocated for proper training and identification (numbering) of officers
Early Black Policing in the U.S.
- Fewer than 600 black police officers in the U.S. by 1910
- Most black officers were employed in northern cities
- Routine hiring of black officers in southern cities began in the 1940s and 1950s
Law Enforcement in the American States and on the Frontier
- Without large cities, law enforcement was situation-based
- Responded to situations like cattle rustling and capturing escaped slaves
- This system led to the development of police units with broader responsibilities
Southern Slave Patrols
- The earliest form of policing in the South
- A product of slave codes that restricted slaves from holding meetings, leaving the plantation without permission, traveling without a pass, learning to read and write, carrying firearms, or trading/gambling
- Slave patrols often whipped and terrorized slaves
Frontier Law Enforcement
- In the American Frontier, justice often involved vigilantism
- Self-protection remains popular in the South and West
State Police Agencies
- States started creating their own law enforcement agencies due to growing populations and local law enforcement's struggles with crime
- Texas Rangers were officially established in 1835
- Pennsylvania formed the first modern state law enforcement agency in 1905
- By the 1930s, every state had some form of state law enforcement
The United States Secret Service
- Mission: safeguard the nation's financial infrastructure and payment systems, preserve economic integrity, and protect national leaders, heads of state, designated sites, and national security events
The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
- Formed in the early 1900s
- J. Edgar Hoover became Director in 1924 and held the position for 48 years
- Increased local policing influence in the 1930s with the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) system, its own crime lab, and the National Police Academy
Priorities of the FBI
- Protecting the U.S. from terrorist attacks and foreign intelligence operations
- Protecting against cyber-based attacks and high-tech crimes
- Combating public corruption at all levels
- Protecting civil rights
- Combating transnational/national criminal organizations and enterprises
State Police Model and Highway Patrol Model
- State Police Model: Officers have powers similar to local police but can exercise them anywhere in the state
- Highway Patrol Model: Officers focus on highway traffic safety, enforcement of traffic laws, and investigating accidents
- Both models perform services like regulating commercial traffic, conducting bomb investigations, and protecting the governor and capitol
Department of Public Safety Model
- Often complex organizations with several agencies or divisions
- The Alabama Department of Public Safety has six divisions: Administrative, Bureau of Investigation, Driver License, Highway Patrol, Service, and Special Projects
Federal Law Enforcement
- Well-known agencies include FBI, U.S. Secret Service, and Drug Enforcement Agency
- More than 70 federal agencies with over 163,000 employees in 2018
Differences Between Federal and Local/State Law Enforcement
- Federal agencies operate across the nation and internationally
- Federal agencies generally don't handle peacekeeping or order maintenance
- Some federal agencies have narrow jurisdictions
The Department of Homeland Security
- Established by the Homeland Security Act of 2002 in response to the 9/11 attacks
- Aimed to prevent terrorist attacks, reduce vulnerability, and minimize damage from attacks
- Acts as a focal point for natural and manmade crises and emergency planning
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Description
Explore the evolution of the policing system in England, starting from the Constable-Watch System to the establishment of the London Metropolitan Police. This quiz covers significant developments, including the contributions of Robert Peel and the impact of early crime control methods. Test your knowledge on the key events and figures that shaped modern policing.
