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Questions and Answers
What was introduced into France from America around 1860?
In which year did the first Quarantine Act come into operation in the USA?
What was the main purpose of the Destructive Insect and Pests Act of 1914 in India?
Which state in India enacted the first state Act to regulate pests and diseases?
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Which insect entered India before the enforcement of quarantine measures?
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What is the primary goal of international quarantine legislation?
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Which type of legislation aims to prevent the spread of established pests from one part of a country to another?
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What is the focus of legislation to prevent the adulteration and misbranding of insecticides?
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What is the primary objective of legislation that enforces control measures on farmers?
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What is the focus of legislation that regulates the activities of men engaged in pest control operations?
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Study Notes
History of Pest Control and Quarantine
- The importance of restricting the movement of pest-infested plants or materials was realized after the introduction of grapevine Phylloxera into France from America in 1860, causing severe damage.
Early Quarantine Acts
- The first Quarantine Act in the USA was implemented in 1905.
- India's first quarantine act was passed in 1906 under the Sea Customs Act of 1878 to prevent the entry of the Mexican Cotton Boll Weevil.
- The Destructive Insect and Pests Act was passed in India in 1914 to prevent the introduction of any insect, fungus, or other pests into the country.
Supplemental Legislation
- A more comprehensive statute was enacted in India in 1917 to supplement the 1914 act.
- The Madras Agricultural Pests and Diseases Act was enacted in 1919, becoming the first state act in India.
Early Insect Introduction
- The Cottony cushion scale was an insect that entered India before the enforcement of quarantine measures.
Legislative Measures for Pest Control
- International quarantine legislation aims to prevent the introduction of new pests, weeds, and diseases from foreign countries.
- Domestic quarantine legislation prevents the spread of already established pests, diseases, and weeds from one part of a country to another.
- Legislation enforces the application of effective control measures by farmers to prevent damage from established pests.
- Legislation regulates the formulation and use of insecticides to prevent adulteration and misbranding, and sets permissible residue tolerance levels in food.
- Legislation governs the activities of pest control operators and the application of hazardous insecticides.
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Description
Learn about the introduction of pests like Phylloxera and San Jose scale, and the establishment of quarantine acts in USA and India in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Understand the significance of restricting plant movement to prevent damage.
