76 Questions
What is the focus of anatomy?
The structure of the body's organs and their interrelationships
What does exercise physiology study?
How exercise alters the body's functions
What does endurance training allow a person to do?
Run at faster speeds over longer distances
What is the most important fuel when running a marathon?
Carbohydrate
Who was appointed as the first director of research at the Harvard Fatigue Laboratory?
David Bruce D.B. Dill
What was the primary focus of the Harvard Fatigue Laboratory in its early years?
Exercise, nutrition, and health
Which international organization created an atmosphere for free scientific exchange, discussion, and debate during the early 1900s through the 1930s?
International Union of Physiological Sciences
What area of physiology served as the basis for advances in the physiology of exercise during the early 1900s through the 1930s?
Bioenergetics, gas exchange, and blood chemistry
Who wrote The Physiology of Muscular Exercise?
F.A. Bainbridge
What is described as having more impact on the field of exercise physiology than the Harvard Fatigue Laboratory?
A visit by A.V.Hill to Harvard University
Which university did A.V.Hill visit in 1926, impacting the founding and early activities of the Harvard Fatigue Laboratory?
Harvard University
What happened to the focus of research at the Harvard Fatigue Laboratory with the onset of World War II?
It shifted to contributing to the war effort
Where was the early home of the Harvard Fatigue Laboratory located?
Harvard Business School
Who was appointed as the first director of research at the Harvard Fatigue Laboratory?
Harvard University
What happened to the focus of research at the Harvard Fatigue Laboratory with the onset of World War II?
It shifted to contributing to the war effort
Which technology was developed as a result of the U.S. space program?
Electronic analyzers to measure respiratory gases
Who was awarded the 2000 Olympic Prize for contributions to exercise physiology and health?
John Holloszy
Which biochemist studied muscle metabolism and factors related to fatigue using rats and mice?
John Holloszy
Who collaborated with her future husband to publish a classic study that provided a means to predict aerobic capacity from submaximal heart rate?
Irma Rhyming
Who was instrumental in adapting microbiochemical methods to study small amounts of tissue obtained with the needle biopsy procedure?
Birgitta Essen
In which era did Austin Flint study one of the most celebrated athletes, Edward Payson Weston?
Late 19th century
What were athletes used for in physiological studies throughout the 20th century?
To assess physiological capabilities of human strength and endurance
Who conducted the first physiological studies of runners?
A.V. Hill
What did Jonas Bergstrom reintroduce in 1966 that was pivotal in the study of human muscle biochemistry and nutrition?
Biopsy needle
Who introduced a gas analyzer in 1947?
Per Scholander
Which Scandinavian researcher developed a formula for calculating exercise heart rate that is still widely used today?
Finn Martii Karvonen
Who conducted histological and biochemical studies of human muscle using a needle biopsy technique?
Jonas Bergstrom
Which two researchers conducted classic experiments and published seminal papers on topics ranging from metabolic fuels for muscle to gas exchange in the lungs?
Johannes Lindberg and August Krogh
Who introduced Per-Olof Åstrand to the field of exercise physiology?
Erik Hohwü-Christensen
In which country was the laboratory established by Johannes Lindberg that became a breeding ground for scientific contributions?
Denmark
Who was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1921 for findings on energy metabolism?
Archibald V. Hill
Who developed the methods and equipment needed to measure oxygen use during exercise?
John S. Haldane
Which three young Danes continued the work of Johannes Lindberg and August Krogh from the 1930s into the 1970s?
Erling Asmussen, Marius Nielsen, Ole Hansen
Who became the director of Gymnastik-och Idrottshögskolan (GIH) after Hohwü-Christensen retired in 1960?
Per-Olof Åstrand
What was the role of the women in physiology mentioned in the text?
They earned credibility and attracted young women to the field of exercise physiology and medicine
What was the major factor in motivating college students to pursue careers in physical education, exercise physiology, health education, nutrition, physical therapy, and medicine?
The popularity of physical fitness as a topic
What influenced the type of physical education programs in schools during WWI and WWII?
The resemblance of physical education programs to premilitary training programs
What was the reason for rejecting military recruits in WWII, which is different from today?
Being underweight
Who initiated a conference in 1955 that resulted in the formation of the President’s Council on Youth Fitness?
President Eisenhower
What did the American Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation (AAHPER) support in the early 1950s?
The physical activity and health interest stimulated by major findings
What did the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (AAHPERD) publish in 1980?
The AAHPER Youth Fitness Test with separate health-related test battery
What is consistent with the direction of lifetime fitness programs according to the text?
$50$-yard dash fitness testing
"Physiology of Sport and Exercise With Web Study Guide-5th Edition" was authored by:
W.Larry Kenney, Wilmore, J.H., & Costill, D.L.
What did Hans Kraus show that led to President Eisenhower initiating a conference in 1955?
American children performed poorly on a minimal muscular fitness test compared to European children.
What area of concern did the Public Health Service list as one of 15 areas related to improving the country’s overall health?
Physical fitness and exercise
What is the focus of exercise physiology with respect to the acute response to exercise?
The body's immediate response to a single exercise bout
Which area of study in exercise physiology involves exposing the body to environmental conditions like heat and altitude?
Using environmental conditions to stress the body
Who published one of the earliest descriptions of human anatomy and physiology in the first century?
Claudius Galen
Who focused primarily on anatomical descriptions but occasionally attempted to explain organ functions?
Andreas Vesalius
What did Hieronymus Fabricius suggest about a muscle's contractile power?
It resided in its fibrous tendons
What did Anton van Leeuwenhoek's microscope reveal about muscles?
The existence of individual muscle fibers
Who described the oxygen consumption of a young man and believed that oxygen utilization occurs in the lungs?
Séguin and Lavoisier
What did Gasometer enable scientists to study during mountain climbing?
Subjects' physiological responses during mountain climbing
What did Fernand LaGrange's textbook 'Physiology of Bodily Exercise' primarily focus on?
Muscular work and fatigue
What was one of the main limitations of early attempts to explain physiology according to the text?
Theories being incorrect or speculative
What do exercise physiologists focus on when examining chronic adaptation or training effects?
How the body responds over time to repeated bouts of exercise
The legacy of women in physiology includes the credibility they earned and the roles they played in attracting other young women to the field of ______
exercise physiology
In 1980, the Public Health Service listed “physical fitness and exercise” as one of 15 areas of concern related to improving the country’s overall ______
health
Dr. Dudley Sargent was hired by Harvard University in 1879 and set up a physical training program with individual exercise prescriptions to improve a person’s structure and function to achieve “that prime physical condition called fitness—fitness for work, fitness for play, fitness for anything a man may be called upon to ______
do
Concerns about health and fitness were raised during WWI and WWII when large numbers of draftees failed the induction exams due to mental and physical ______
defects
The present interest in physical activity and health was stimulated in the early 1950s by two major findings: autopsies of young soldiers killed during the Korean War showed that significant coronary artery disease had already developed and Hans Kraus showed that American children performed poorly on a minimal muscular fitness test compared to European ______
children
The American Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation (AAHPER) supported these activities and in 1957 developed the AAHPER Youth Fitness Test with national norms to be used in physical education programs throughout the country. The name was most recently changed by President Obama to the “President’s Council on Fitness, Sports, & ______” to focus more attention on the obesity epidemic
Nutrition
Items in the Youth Fitness Test were changed over the years, and in 1980, the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (AAHPERD) published a separate Health-Related Physical Fitness Test Manual to distinguish between “performance testing” (e.g., 50-yard dash) and “fitness testing” (e.g., ______ thickness)
skinfold
This health-related test battery is consistent with the direction of lifetime fitness programs, being concerned with obesity, ______ fitness, and low-back function
cardiorespiratory
The present interest in physical activity and health was stimulated in the early 1950s by two major findings: autopsies of young soldiers killed during the Korean War showed that significant coronary artery disease had already developed and Hans Kraus showed that American children performed poorly on a minimal muscular fitness test compared to European children. Due to the latter finding, President Eisenhower initiated a conference in 1955 that resulted in the formation of the President’s Council on ______ Fitness
Youth
The American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (AAHPERD) published a separate Health-Related Physical Fitness Test Manual to distinguish between “performance testing” (e.g., 50-yard dash) and “fitness testing” (e.g., ______ thickness)
skinfold
Physiology is not a popular topic today.
False
In 1980, the Public Health Service did not list “physical fitness and exercise” as one of 15 areas of concern related to improving the country’s overall health.
False
Dr. Dudley Sargent set up a physical training program with individual exercise prescriptions to achieve 'fitness for anything a man may be called upon to do.'
True
Large numbers of draftees did not fail the induction exams due to mental and physical defects during WWI and WWII.
False
Obesity is not the major cause for rejecting recruits today.
False
President Eisenhower did not initiate a conference in 1955 in response to Hans Kraus' findings.
False
The American Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation (AAHPER) did not support the early interest in physical activity and health in the 1950s.
False
The American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (AAHPERD) did not publish a separate Health-Related Physical Fitness Test Manual in 1980.
False
The President’s Council on Youth Fitness was not established as a result of findings from autopsies of young soldiers and Hans Kraus' research.
False
The AAHPER Youth Fitness Test was never developed with national norms to be used in physical education programs throughout the country.
False
Explore the history of physiological research, including the influence of Dr. Dill and AV. Hill. Learn about the theories proposed during the late 1800s to explain the source of energy for muscle contraction.
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