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Questions and Answers
What percentage of demand do PUBs and PUJs serve according to JICA (2014)?
What is the age of the majority of PUJs in the Philippines according to LTFRB?
What percentage of road space do private cars take up in Manila according to the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority?
What was the primary mode of transportation during the Spanish era?
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What was the first taxi company in the Philippines to import second-hand cars?
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What was the flagdown rate of Manila Yellow Taxi?
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What is the estimated percentage of ambient air pollution in Metro Manila due to PUJs?
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What is the total number of registered vehicles in the Philippines in 2022?
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When was the Philippine Air Lines formally incorporated?
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What is the primary mode of payment used in point-to-point buses?
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What is the alternative to diesel-powered tricycles?
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What is the method used for building Metro Manila subway stations?
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What is the estimated overall progress rate of the MRT-7 as of May 2024?
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What is the purpose of the construction of roads, highways, and expressways?
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What is the term used to describe roads that radiate from and out of the city of Manila?
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What is the Philippine highway network?
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What was the primary source of public transportation after the war?
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When was the PANTRANCO Manila terminal inaugurated?
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What was the original passenger arrangement in jeeps after the war?
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When was the first railroad in the Philippines inaugurated?
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What was the original name of the Philippine National Railways?
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When was LRT Line 1 introduced in the Philippines?
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What was used to transport goods and people in the late 1890s?
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What was the name of the bus that people enjoyed riding along Dewey Boulevard?
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Study Notes
Transportation in the Philippines
- The country's transportation system has been crucial to the growth of Manila in the early and mid-1900s.
Current State of Transportation
- The public transport system is deemed unsafe, unhealthy, unreliable, and uncomfortable.
- PUBs and PUJs serve 67% of demand but use 28% of road space (JICA, 2014).
- PUJs dominate road-based public transport with 180,000 units nationwide, 90% of which are 15 years old and above (LTFRB).
- PUJs contribute to 17% of ambient air pollution in Metro Manila and up to 80% in other cities.
- Private cars take up 80% of scarce road space, causing on-street competition, accidents, and chaos.
Historical Development of Transportation
- During the Spanish era, carriages drawn by horses or carabaos were the primary mode of transportation.
- The introduction of four-wheeled automobiles replaced animal-driven transportation.
- Manila Yellow Taxi was one of the largest companies in the city, importing second-hand cars and offering services at a rate of 10 centavos per kilometer.
- Meralco operated passenger autobuses, provided electricity, and ran tranvias.
- Shipping lines were widely used in the early 1900s.
- Philippine Air Lines was formally incorporated during World War II.
Evolution of Transportation
- Metered taxis evolved with the advent of smartphones and the internet.
- Buses improved, with the introduction of point-to-point buses with cashless payment.
- Jeepneys are being modernized, with electric tricycles (e-trikes) emerging as a challenge to diesel-powered tricycles.
- Motorcycle ride-hailing services began in 2016, offering faster and cheaper transportation.
- Metro Manila subway stations are being built using the cut-and-cover method, with the MRT-7 set to have 14 stations.
Airports and Highway Network
- Philippine airports cater to millions of passengers every year, with multiple airlines in service.
- The construction of roads, highways, and expressways has significantly mobilized the transportation of people and goods.
- The radial road network radiates from Manila, while the circumferential road network forms a half circle around the city.
Philippine Highway Network
- The network is owned and maintained by the Department of Public Works and Highways.
- After World War II, public transportation relied on thousands of abandoned 6×6 trucks and Jeeps.
- The Filipino creativity led to the establishment of a new era of public conveyances, including the "Libertad Express".
Bus Services
- PANTRANCO inaugurated its Manila terminal in 1968, becoming the central hub for transport to Central Luzon and the Southern Philippines.
- Matorco offered double-decker bus rides along Dewey Boulevard.
- Jeepneys evolved from "dalawahan" (two passengers per side) to "tatlohan" (three passengers per side) and currently have nine passengers per side arrangements.
Railways
- The first railroad in the Philippines was inaugurated on November 24, 1892, with the Escolta to Plaza Sta. Cruz Railway (1890) and Ermita Railway (1901).
- Electric Tranvia, Escolta (1920) was introduced, and PNR officially began operations on November 24, 1892 as the Ferrocarril de Manila-Dagupan.
- PNR became the Philippine National Railways on June 20, 1964, by virtue of Republic Act No. 4156.
- The LRT Line 1 began operations in the mid-1980s, with further improvements and additions made during the 2000s.
Maritime Transport
- Small boats were used to transport goods and people in the late 1890s.
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Description
Learn about the history of the Philippine Transportation System, different modes of transportation, and methods of raising finances for highways. Understand how transportation impacted Manila's growth in the early and mid 1900's.
