History of Optical Fiber Communication

Optical Fiber Communication

• The ancient Greeks used fire and smoke signals for communication during the Greek period.

Optical Signaling

• Signaling lamps were used to send information over short distances.

Optical Fiber Structure

• The core of an optical fiber is responsible for transmitting light signals.

Optical Fiber Communication System

• The system operates on the principle of total internal reflection, where light signals are transmitted through the core of the fiber.

Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifiers

• These amplifiers operate in the spectral region of 1530-1560 nm.

Fiber Types

• G.652 fibers have a higher PMD value compared to G.655 fibers, which have a lower PMD value of 0.2 ps√km.

G.655 Fibers

• Version 3 of G.655 fibers was introduced to extend WDM application into the S-band.

G.656 Fibers

• G.656 compliant low slope dispersion non-zero dispersion shifted fibers operate in the wavelength range of 1460-1625 nm.

Advantages of Optical Fiber

• Increased use of optical fiber as a transmission media is due to its high bandwidth and low attenuation.
• One key factor contributing to optical fibre's increased bandwidth requirement from 20Kbps to around 1Gbps is the need for higher data transfer rates.

Migration to Packet-Based Multiplexing

• The migration from TDM and FDM to packet-based statistical multiplexing has increased the efficiency of optical fibre technology.

Modern Client Terminals

• Modern client terminals in optical fibre networks possess high-speed processing capabilities and advanced interfaces.

Human Interfaces

• Human interfaces are improving in optical fibre technology with advancements in accessibility and user experience.

Single-Mode Fiber

• Single-mode fiber has a narrow core and allows light to travel parallel to the axis.

Cable Types

• In loose-tube cables, the buffering material is not in direct contact with the fiber.
• Tight-buffered cables are commonly used for indoor applications, while loose-tube cables are used for outdoor applications.

Single-Fiber Tight-Buffered Cables

• These cables are commonly used for indoor applications, such as in commercial or residential buildings.

Advantages of Single-Mode Fiber

• Single-mode fiber has a higher bandwidth and lower attenuation compared to multimode fiber.

Optical Fiber Communication Advantages

• Optical fiber communication offers high bandwidth, low attenuation, and high security.

Optical Fiber Applications

• Optical fiber communication is used in telecommunication networks, cable television networks, and metropolitan area networks.
• Not listed as an application of optical fiber is satellite communication.

Optical Carrier Frequency

• The optical carrier frequency range is between 100 GHz to 400 THz.

G.657 Fibers

• G.657A fibers are suitable for installation at home and office due to their small bend radius and resistance to bending.
• G.657B fibers are used in outdoor applications such as in FTTx networks.
• G.657A fibers were specifically developed for use in indoor and outdoor applications.

ADSS Cables

• ADSS cables are suitable for aerial applications due to their all-dielectric self-supporting design.

Advantages of Optical Fibers

• Optical fibers are widely used in fiber-optic communications due to their high bandwidth, low attenuation, and high security.
• Optical fibers are preferable over metal wires due to their high bandwidth, low attenuation, and immunity to electromagnetic interference.

History of Optical Fiber Communication

• In May 1977, Bell installed the first optical-fiber pair in downtown Chicago with a capacity of 44.7 Mbps.
• Currently, optical-fiber cables carry around 99% of the world's long-distance voice and data traffic.