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Questions and Answers
According to Pasteur statements which one of the following is true
According to Pasteur statements which one of the following is true
- Both a and b
- Living organisms doesn't discriminate between stereoisomers
- Living organisms discriminate between stereoisomers (correct)
- Fermentation is a aerobic process
"I found floating therin earthly particles, some green streaks, spirally wound serpent-wise, and orderly arranged, the whole circumstance of each of these streaks was abut the thickness of a hair on one's head".... These words are of
"I found floating therin earthly particles, some green streaks, spirally wound serpent-wise, and orderly arranged, the whole circumstance of each of these streaks was abut the thickness of a hair on one's head".... These words are of
Leeuwenhoek
The principle light- trapping pigment molecule in plants, Algae, and cyanobacteria is
The principle light- trapping pigment molecule in plants, Algae, and cyanobacteria is
- Rhodapsin
- Porphyrin
- Chlorophyll a (correct)
- Chlorophyll b
During Bio Geo chemical cycle some amount of elemental carbon was utilized by the microorganisms. The phenomenon is called as
During Bio Geo chemical cycle some amount of elemental carbon was utilized by the microorganisms. The phenomenon is called as
Who demonstrated that open tubes of broth remained free of bacteria when air was free of dust.
Who demonstrated that open tubes of broth remained free of bacteria when air was free of dust.
Reverse isolation would be appropriate for
Reverse isolation would be appropriate for
The symptome “ general feeling of illness and discomfort " is called
The symptome “ general feeling of illness and discomfort " is called
On soybean which of the following forms symbiotism
On soybean which of the following forms symbiotism
Who provide the evidence that bacteriophage nucleic acid but not protein enters the host cell during infection
Who provide the evidence that bacteriophage nucleic acid but not protein enters the host cell during infection
Spirulina belongs to
Spirulina belongs to
The first antibody to contact invading microorganisms was
The first antibody to contact invading microorganisms was
The light emitted by luminescent bacteria is mediated by the enzyme
The light emitted by luminescent bacteria is mediated by the enzyme
Pick out the vector using in human Genome project
Pick out the vector using in human Genome project
Salt and sugar preserve foods because they
Salt and sugar preserve foods because they
In a fluorescent microscope the objective lens is made of
In a fluorescent microscope the objective lens is made of
Fixation of atmospheric nitrogen is by means of
Fixation of atmospheric nitrogen is by means of
Which one of the following fungi is the most serious threat in a bone marrow transplant unit?
Which one of the following fungi is the most serious threat in a bone marrow transplant unit?
Direct microscopic count can be done with the aid of
Direct microscopic count can be done with the aid of
The image obtained in a compound microscope is
The image obtained in a compound microscope is
Enzymes responsible for alcoholic fermentation
Enzymes responsible for alcoholic fermentation
Which type of spores are produced sexually?
Which type of spores are produced sexually?
Bacterial transformation was discovered by
Bacterial transformation was discovered by
Father of microbiology is
Father of microbiology is
The antiseptic method was first demonstrated by
The antiseptic method was first demonstrated by
Small pox vaccine was first discovered by
Small pox vaccine was first discovered by
The term mutation was coined by
The term mutation was coined by
Compound microscope was discovered by
Compound microscope was discovered by
Father of Medical Microbiology is
Father of Medical Microbiology is
Disease that affects many people at different countries is termed as
Disease that affects many people at different countries is termed as
Prophylaxis of cholera is
Prophylaxis of cholera is
In electron microscope, what material is used as an objective lense?
In electron microscope, what material is used as an objective lense?
The main feature of prokaryotic organism is
The main feature of prokaryotic organism is
The stalked particles on the cristae of mitochondria are called
The stalked particles on the cristae of mitochondria are called
Antiseptic methods were first introduced by
Antiseptic methods were first introduced by
Kuru disease in Humans is caused by
Kuru disease in Humans is caused by
A mutation that produces termination codon is
A mutation that produces termination codon is
During conjunction the genetic material will be transferred through
During conjunction the genetic material will be transferred through
Antiseptic surgery was discovered by
Antiseptic surgery was discovered by
Tuberculosis is a
Tuberculosis is a
Phagocytic phenomenon was discovered by
Phagocytic phenomenon was discovered by
Meosomes are also known as
Meosomes are also known as
Hybridoma technique was first discovered by.
Hybridoma technique was first discovered by.
The minimum number of bacteria required to produce clinical evidence of death in a susceptible animal under standard condition is called
The minimum number of bacteria required to produce clinical evidence of death in a susceptible animal under standard condition is called
In Electron Microscope source of electrons is from
In Electron Microscope source of electrons is from
Griffith (1928) reported the phenomenon of transformation first in
Griffith (1928) reported the phenomenon of transformation first in
The resolution power of the compound microscope is
The resolution power of the compound microscope is
The capacity of a given strain of microbial species to produce disease is known as
The capacity of a given strain of microbial species to produce disease is known as
Monoclonal antibodies are associated with the name of
Monoclonal antibodies are associated with the name of
Lederberg and Tatum (1946) described the phenomena of
Lederberg and Tatum (1946) described the phenomena of
Hanging drop method for motility study was first introduced by
Hanging drop method for motility study was first introduced by
Electron microscope gives magnification upto
Electron microscope gives magnification upto
Term vaccine was coined by
Term vaccine was coined by
The inventor of Microscope is
The inventor of Microscope is
First Pasteur conducted fermentation experiments in
First Pasteur conducted fermentation experiments in
Modern concepts of chemotherapy was proposed by
Modern concepts of chemotherapy was proposed by
The role of phagocytosis was discovered by
The role of phagocytosis was discovered by
L-forms are discovered by
L-forms are discovered by
The causative organism of rocky mountain spotted fever was first described by
The causative organism of rocky mountain spotted fever was first described by
The term bacteriophage was coined by
The term bacteriophage was coined by
Viral infection of bacteria was discovered by
Viral infection of bacteria was discovered by
Eye cannot resolve any image less than
Eye cannot resolve any image less than
Electron Microscope was discovered by
Electron Microscope was discovered by
Magnification range of light microscope is
Magnification range of light microscope is
Condensation of light in light Microscope is by
Condensation of light in light Microscope is by
Light gathering capacity of Microscope is called
Light gathering capacity of Microscope is called
If 10x and 40x objectives are used (air is the medium), the numerical aperture is
If 10x and 40x objectives are used (air is the medium), the numerical aperture is
Flashcards
Pasteur's statement
Pasteur's statement
Living organisms discriminate between stereoisomers
Leeuwenhoek's observation
Leeuwenhoek's observation
Observed 'earthy particles' and 'green streaks' with a microscope.
Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll
Molecule for light-harvesting in photosynthetic organisms
Immobilization of elemental carbon
Immobilization of elemental carbon
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John Tyndall's experiment
John Tyndall's experiment
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Reverse isolation
Reverse isolation
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Malaise
Malaise
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Soybean symbiotism
Soybean symbiotism
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Hershey & Chase experiment
Hershey & Chase experiment
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Spirulina's classification
Spirulina's classification
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Luciferase
Luciferase
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Human Genome Project vector
Human Genome Project vector
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Salt and sugar food preservation
Salt and sugar food preservation
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Fluorescent microscope lenses
Fluorescent microscope lenses
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Nitrogen fixation
Nitrogen fixation
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Candida albican
Candida albican
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Direct microscopic count
Direct microscopic count
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Image in microscope that compound
Image in microscope that compound
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Which enzymes?
Which enzymes?
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Spores asexual
Spores asexual
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Were found with?
Were found with?
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Who is Father?
Who is Father?
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Showed by with demo?
Showed by with demo?
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Mutation termed?
Mutation termed?
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Comp. Micro?
Comp. Micro?
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Micro
Micro
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Many and far?
Many and far?
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Prophylaxis method?
Prophylaxis method?
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Lense?
Lense?
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Feature main?
Feature main?
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Particles?
Particles?
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Demo anti?
Demo anti?
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Humans kuru?
Humans kuru?
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Prod term codon
Prod term codon
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conjunction gene ? through?
conjunction gene ? through?
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Antiseptic surgery
Antiseptic surgery
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Micro
Micro
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Found fact City?
Found fact City?
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Study Notes
History of Microbiology
- Pasteur stated living organisms discriminate between stereoisomers.
- Open tubes of broth remained free of bacteria when air was free of dust.
- Leeuwenhoek found earthly particles floating, some green streaks, spirally wound serpent-wise and orderly arranged and the circumstances of each streak was about the thickness of a hair on one's head.
- The principle light-trapping pigment molecule in plants, Algae, and cyanobacteria is Chlorophyll a.
- During Bio Geo chemical cycle some elementary carbon amount gets utilized by the microorganisms via immobilization.
- Reverse isolation is appropriate for a patient diagnosed with tuberculosis.
- Malaise is a symptome “general feeling of illness and discomfort".
- Rhizobium symbiotically appears on soybean .
- Alfred D. Hershey and Martha Chase provided the evidence that bacteriophage nucleic acid, not protein, enters the host cell during infection.
- Spirulina belongs to Cyanophyceae.
- The first antibody to contact invading microorganisms is IgM.
- Light emitted by luminescent bacteria is mediated by the enzyme Luciferase.
- Phagemid vector is used in the Human Genome Project.
- Salt and sugar preserve foods by hypertonic environment production.
- In a fluorescent microscope, the objective lens is made of Polythene.
- Fixation of atmospheric nitrogen is performed via biological process.
- Candida albicans is a serious threat in a bone marrow transplant unit.
- Direct microscopic count can be done with the aid of a Neuberg chamber.
- The image obtained in a compound microscope is virtual.
- Enzymes responsible for alcoholic fermentation is Zymase.
- Ascospores are spores produced sexually.
- Bacterial transformation was independently discovered by Ederberg and Tatum.
- Father of microbiology is A.V. Leeuwenhock.
- The antiseptic method was first demonstrated by Lord Lister.
- Small pox vaccine was first discovered by Edward Jenner.
- The term mutation was coined by Hugo devries.
- A compound microscope was discovered by Johnsen & Hans.
- Father of Medical Microbiology is Robert Koch.
- A pandemic is a disease that affects many people at different countries.
- Prophylaxis of cholera includes environmental sanitation.
- Magnetic coils are used as an objective lens in an electron microscope.
- Prokaryotic organisms do not have a nuclear envelope.
- Oxysomes are stalked particles on the cristae of mitochondria.
- Lord Lister first introduced antiseptic methods.
- Prions cause Kuru disease in humans.
- A nonsense mutation is a mutation that produces a termination codon.
- During conjunction, the genetic material transfers through Pili.
- Joseph Lister discovered antiseptic surgery.
- Tuberculosis is an air borne disease.
- Phagocytic phenomenon was discovered by Metchnikof.
- Plasmids are also known as Chondroids.
- Kohler and Milstein first discovered the hybridoma technique.
- The minimum number of bacteria required to produce clinical evidence of death in a susceptible animal under standard conditions is MLD.
- Tungsten metal is the source of electrons in an electron microscope.
- Griffith (1928) first reported the phenomenon of transformation in Pneumococci.
- The resolution power of a compound microscope is 0.2 micron.
- Virulence is the capacity of a given microbial species to produce disease.
- Burnet and Milstein Kohler are associated with the name of Monoclonal antibodies.
- Lederberg and Tatum (1946) described the phenomena of Conjunction.
- Hanging drop method for motility study was first introduced by Leeuwenhock
- Electron microscope magnifies up to 2,00,000 X.
- The term "vaccine" coined by Pasteur.
- The inventor of the Microscope is Antony von.
- First Pasteur conducted fermentation experiments in Fruit juices.
- Paul Ehrlich proposed modern concepts of chemotherapy.
- Elie Metchikoff discovered the role of phagocytosis.
- Klein Berger discovered L-forms. -Howard Ricketts first described the causative organism of Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
- De'Herelle coined the term bacteriophage.
- F.W. Twort discovered Viral infection of bacteria.
- The eye cannot resolve any image less than 2ìm.
- Janssen and Hans discovered the Compound Microscope.
- Knoll and Ruska discovered the Electron Microscope.
- The magnification range of a light microscope is 1000x – 2000x.
- A Condensor condensates light in light Microscope .
- Numerical aperture is the light gathering capacity of a Microscope.
- If 10x and 40x objectives are used with air, the numerical aperture is 1.0
- The Resolving power is the Microscope’s ability to distinguish two objects as separate entities.
- The limit of resolution of a compound microscope is around 0.1 mm.
- Mercury lamp is the source of light in a florescence microscope. -Gabor perfected the magnetic lens in 1927.
- The magnification power of an electron microscope developed by Knell and Ruska is 12,000x.
- Tungsten metal is the source of electrons in an electron microscope.
- Secondary electrons are the electrons passed out from the specimen .
- Frank first observed Mycorrhiza.
- Avery Macleod & Mc.Carthy proved the transfer of genetic material during transformation, basing it on Griffith's experiment.
- Elie Metchnikoff proposed the phagocytic theory.
- Parter & Richet first observed Anaphylaxia.
- Histamine is a primary mediator in anaphylaxis.
- Marrice Arthus discovered the Arthus reaction.
- Von perquit discovered Serum sickness reaction.
- Kochler & Milston developed the Hybridoma technique.
- A pandemic is a disease that effects many people at different countries.
- Mechanical vectors are vectors that transmit infection mechanically .
- Direct contact transmission occurs if a person gets infected via direct contact with the infected tissue of another person.
- Attenuation denotes reduction of virulence.
- Exaltation denotes enhancement of virulence.
- The virulence of a pathogen is usually measured by LD50.
- The lethal dose required to kill 50% of the lab animals. tested under standard conditions is called LD50. Adhesions, invasiveness, toxigenicity, and enzymes are the critical virulence factors
- Invasiveness refers to the ability of a pathogen to spread in the host tissues after causing infection. Hyaluronidase acts as a spreading factor. Metchnikoff discovered Vibrio Cholerae. Escherich discovered E.coli. -Robert Koch discovered Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- Hansem discovered Mycobacterium lepree.
- Louis Pasteur discovered Streptococcus pneumoniae. Robert Koch isolated B.anthracis. Rosenbach isolated Staphylococcus aureus. Schroeter and Gessard first called Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Schaudinn and Hoffman discovered T. pallidum . Neisser in 1879 first described Neisseria gonorrhoeae . -Landsteiner and Weiner discovered the Rh factor of the blood. Schauddinn and Hoffman discovered Trepanema pallidum. The fluorescent substance used in the fluorescent microscope is Quinine sulphate
Bacteria & Gram Staining
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Haemophilus streptococcus causes cold like symptoms.
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In Streptococcus fecalis, conjugation takes place at Pili.
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Negri bodies are present in rabies-infected mad dogs.
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The Nesser produces Rubella.
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Lipolytic organisms cause rancidity in spoiled foods.
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Escherichia is the bacterium commonly used in genetic engineering.
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DNA Replication is a plasmid function. -Mycoplasmas are bacterial cells that cannot reproduce on artificial meida.
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A neurotoxin is the etiologic agent of botulism.
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The bacterial cell is at its metabolic peak during the log phase.
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Protein particles that can infect are called Prions.
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In most purple bacteria, the light harvesting center is B 850 & B 875.
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Lippolysacharide the gramnegative bacteria produces endtoxin.
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E.coli was Gram-negative and chemolithotrophic.
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Mycoplasma performs reproduction by binary fission and binary fusion.
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Herpes viruses have an icosahedral shape, with envelope, ds DNA.
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Mycoplasmas produce the typical fried egg appearance colonies on solid media.
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Halophile is an osmophilic organism with specific requirements for sodium chloride.
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Clones are a population of cells derived from a single cell.
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Hetrolactic acid bacteria produce Lactic acid + alchohol + CO2.
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Thiobacillus thiooxidence does not produce conjunction tubes during conjunction.
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Tetrahymena thermophila does not produce conjunction tubes during conjunction.
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Glycolysis permits erythrocytes to get their source of ATP.
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Virus Contains DNA or RNA.
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The bacterial pili mainly contain Proteins.
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Algae produces Second World War’s wonder drug.
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Photosynthesis perform a bacterias role in the carbon cycle.
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Centromere part of a chromosome that holds chromatid together by forming a site of attachment. Invertebrates' somatic cells are haploid in many ways. Diseases present at birth are congenital diseases. -Biological systems need Polymerase to join the two molecules. Plasma membrane part of the Meosomes.
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All prokaryotes have cell walls with the exception of Mycoplasms.
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Lysozyme enzyme hydrolyzes bacterial cell walls.
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Cows can digest straw because they contain Cellulose hydrolyzing microorganisms.
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Nucleus controls protein synthesis in the cytoplasm by sending m RNA molecule.
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Ribosomes are site of energy production in cell.
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Chloroplast thylakoid is present there. Agrobacterium tumefaciens is extensively used bacteria for genetic engineering work in plans Maximum application of animal cell culture technology today is in the production of.insulino Protein and rRNA are composed of bacterial ribosome . Calvin cycle in potorespiration are involves Potorespiration. Protozoa undergoes Bioleaching is done.
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diagnostic for rabies are Negri bodies. are Guarnieri bodies are Inclusion Elementary.
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The Pseudomonas genera would is most likely to contain organisms capable of Cerviving temperatures high.
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Co- factor on enzymes is important role of minor elements inside a living organisms.
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Chemostat is one of that to remain maintain Apparellus continuous culture. Nessler's reagent test can used to detect amine test. Corynebacterium caused Diphtheria with Diphtheria is most commonly a Streptococcus to have S. pyogenes. Interferons is are of which has production maximum cell today technology production apply of to production used animals Inulium and Vaccae. Protoin and m RNA most bacterial that are of component to bacterial ribosomes
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A bacterium containing prophage Lytic or Lytogen can infect by the infectious.
Botulism the is in of most infectious foodborne disseases.
in a airbones epidermic which has influenze is in more has to get
- Vrial genome bacteria genomes such as known and temperage that for transfer genetic can integratate become the prophage are integrated.
Stored of foods is Lipolytic due the an activity
Infectious for virus particle that the Verion which defection are to.
Attenuation on the microorganisms so there by the reduced that Vergence.to.
- Widal are for the test that detection typhoid a detection.
Temperate for the bacterium that are for capable of only lytic. can growth. the Dyphthiria bacillais there will known for the Klebs's hofflers bacillus. the Fucks are for of the bachullus
Gram negive have such as the Acridine dyes.
Bacteira pigment structer are on what is called proto Plasm that pro-bacteria.
Procedure from bacterial staining is by the AH Grain.
Intermedia group of patheogen parasites that intraceullar are Rickettslas are called.
An examble of bacillus in gram bacteria and posities have to be.
histolymica is are by the disentery by cased an ambioatic in the humans as. Prophage from bacterial genome integrataed which bacteria called.
A ozygena cceptor by that Cytochromes. . F are that the on F plamid cells Having In chromonemes
- Tranaducton process recombination by occuring through a are the with for that phaiges in medatationsions
Iodine from what there is for Morden in gran from that staing.
capules the from parasitive are must contain such Endospore and by cell wall to
The differential graim staining by examply can and stain for gram, to.
The cocci in that non motile are gonnococuis and stophydous.
Asperagullisis for in the fungal birds and manals to cased infecting Enterotonin responisblie and is for for sectored to is. that food in poisng Lysopsoies from such that Autoysis is done to
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A factulatiative anerobe ordinarly Anerbob but are that to with can grow an 02
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To remain perent by for of o2 anaerobe at 0.2 precentage.
lyphoblat to make is Interferon fromd
m the to there the Pigment of bacterias struture Plasmids has. that Gonococc that can to that what by the Sterpochete has, 10
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