Lesson 1 - Historyr of Medical Technology Profession
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Questions and Answers

Who was the first graduate of the medical technology program?

  • Mrs. Willa Hedrick
  • Dr. Jesse Umali (correct)
  • Dr. Elvin Hedrick
  • Tirso Briones

In what year was Medical Technology recognized as an official program at the University of Santo Tomas?

  • 1961 (correct)
  • 1957
  • 1954
  • 1965

What major change occurred at Manila Sanitarium and Hospital in 1954?

  • It became affiliated with a university in Europe.
  • It opened the first School of Medical Technology. (correct)
  • It stopped offering medical internships.
  • It was restructured into a private education institution.

Who led the first School of Medical Technology in the Philippines?

<p>Mrs. Willa Hedrick (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is known as the father of microbiology?

<p>Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant consequence of the increasing number of patients and medical knowledge?

<p>Development of cooperative arrangements among specialists (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year did John Kolmer publish his call for national certification of medical technologists?

<p>1918 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which laboratory divisions were included in clinical laboratories during the early development of medical technology?

<p>Clinical pathology, bacteriology, and radiology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did the state legislature of Pennsylvania play in the development of clinical laboratories in 1918?

<p>It enacted a law for fully-equipped laboratories and full-time technicians. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was noted about the medical professionals in 1969?

<p>80 percent were non-physicians. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) established in 1922?

<p>To encourage cooperation between physicians and clinical pathologists (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary reason for the increased need for medical technicians and data specialists?

<p>Large amounts of patient data required for diagnosis and treatment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant organization occupied the area after the building was destroyed during World War II?

<p>National Institutes of Health of University of the Philippines-Manila (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year was the Bureau of Science established?

<p>1905 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary focus of the Bureau of Science in its early research?

<p>Tropical diseases and microbiology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event followed immediately after Japan attacked Manila on December 8, 1941?

<p>The start of World War II (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which laboratory focused on more than a hundred samples daily to study diseases in the Philippines?

<p>Bureau of Science Laboratory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of specimens did the laboratory receive over 7000 of in 1909?

<p>Fecal specimens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease was NOT mentioned as a focus of the Bureau's medical research?

<p>Syphilis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the aim of the Certificate in Public Health program opened in June of 1927?

<p>To provide training for the Philippine Health Service's medical officers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Bureau of Science contribute to the field of medical research in the Philippines?

<p>By conducting frequent microbial research on many samples (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organization was primarily focused on studying the physiological effects of tropical diseases on foreign individuals?

<p>Army Board for the Study of Tropical Diseases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of technicians and technologists as established by ASCP's code of ethics?

<p>To work under the supervision of a physician. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organization was originally a subgroup of ASCP and contributed to the recognition of nonphysician clinical laboratory scientists?

<p>The American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year was the San Lazaro Hospital for poor and lepers founded by the Franciscans?

<p>1578 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the function of the Laboratorio Municipal de Manila established in 1887?

<p>To perform laboratory examinations of clinical samples, food, and water. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which institution, founded in 1611, established the first faculties of pharmacy and medicine in the Philippines?

<p>The University of Santo Tomas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant publication began in 1886 related to medicine and science in the Philippines?

<p>Boletin de Medicina de Manila (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What year did the central board of vaccination start producing and distributing vaccine lymph?

<p>1806 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What year were provincial medical officers first appointed in the Philippines?

<p>1876 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hospital was founded for poor Spaniards in 1596?

<p>Hospital de San Juan de Dios (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the tasks performed by the Medical Laboratory unit of the US Army during World War II?

<p>Conducting routine water analyses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which laboratory unit was the first to be assigned in the South West Pacific Area?

<p>3rd Medical Laboratory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant event occurred in Leyte in 1944 pertaining to laboratory operations?

<p>Operational relocation of several medical laboratories (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which laboratory operated in Tacloban during its deployment?

<p>27th Medical Laboratory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did Dr. Pio de Roda play after the US Army left the Philippines in June 1945?

<p>Reopened the Manila Public Health Laboratory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What training program was conducted by Dr. Pio de Roda and Dr. Prudencia Sta. Ana?

<p>Laboratory technician training program (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main focus of the Medical Laboratory unit's epidemiological and sanitary investigations?

<p>Health conditions related to epidemics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was established by the 6th Infantry Division during World War II?

<p>First clinical laboratory in the Philippines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of examinations were performed by the Medical Laboratory unit?

<p>Special serological, bacteriological, and pathological examinations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where was the only laboratory unit in Luzon located for six months following the US invasion?

<p>Lingayen Gulf (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Rise of medical specialisation

Increased complexity in medical practice led to specialists collaborating, shifting from generalists.

Hospital-based medical services

Medical services became organised and based in hospitals due to an increase in medical understanding and the need for diverse specialisations.

Need for medical information tech

High patient data volume in hospitals led to a strong need for information technology in medical processes.

Role of medical technicians in 1969

In 1969, technicians made up a significant part of the medical work force (80%), highlighting growing technical importance.

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Early clinical labs in US

The first clinical labs in the US marked a start of medical technology field development, and highlights its service role in medicine.

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Medical technologist certification initiative

In 1918, there was a push to create a national method for certifying medical technologists, promoting standards and quality.

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Early lab divisions (1920s)

Clinical labs in the 1920s typically included divisions like clinical pathology, bacteriology, microbiology, serology, and radiology.

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ASCP Code of Ethics

ASCP's code of ethics dictates that allied health professionals work under physician supervision and avoid making diagnoses or treatment recommendations.

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Medical Technologists' Professional Recognition

In the 1950s, US medical technologists sought formal recognition through licensure, legitimizing their education.

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Manila's Capital Status

Late 16th century, Manila became the capital of the Spanish Empire.

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Hospital Real in Cebu

Founded in 1565, this was the first Spanish hospital in the Philippines, initially located in Cebu.

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San Lazaro Hospital

Built by Franciscans in 1578, this hospital served the poor and lepers.

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University of Santo Tomas (UST)

Founded by the Dominicans in 1611, established the country's first medical and pharmacy faculties in 1871.

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Provincial Medical Officers

Appointed in 1876, these officials provided healthcare services across the nation.

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Board of Health and Charity

A government body, established in 1883 and expanded in 1886, responsible for health and care.

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Laboratorio Municipal de Manila

Established in 1887, this Manila laboratory examined food, water, and clinical samples, though not extensively used in disease outbreaks analysis.

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Bureau of Science

Established in 1905, it focused on medical research and instruction, working closely with the Philippine General Hospital and the University of the Philippines.

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Pathology

The study of diseases, including their causes and effects.

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Tropical Diseases

Diseases prevalent in tropical regions, studied by the Army Board for the Study of Tropical Diseases.

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Biological Laboratory

A laboratory within the Bureau of Science dedicated to studying biological samples.

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Body Fluid Analysis

The study of body fluids like blood, urine, and feces to diagnose diseases.

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Philippine Health Service

The government agency responsible for public health, established in 1915.

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Certificate in Public Health Program

A training program for medical officers offered by the University of the Philippines' College of Public Health.

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World War II Impact

The destruction of the Bureau of Science building during World War II.

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National Institutes of Health, Manila

Currently occupies the area formerly held by the Bureau of Science.

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Disease Map

The Bureau of Science mapped the prevalence of diseases across the Philippines.

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First Medical Technology School in Philippines

The Manila Sanitarium and Hospital (MSH) established the first School of Medical Technology in the Philippines in 1954, led by Mrs. Willa Hedrick.

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Philippine Union College's Role

In 1954, Philippine Union College (PUC) in Baesa, Caloocan City absorbed MSH's School of Medical Technology, leaving MSH with only its clinical facilities.

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UST's Medical Technology Program

The University of Santo Tomas (UST) initially offered Medical Technology as an elective for pharmacy students in 1957. It became an official program in 1961.

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Early Medical Technology Graduate

Dr. Jesse Umali was the first graduate of the medical technology program. He later became a successful OB-gynecologist in the US.

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Development of Medical Laboratories

The establishment of the first School of Medical Technology in 1954 and the subsequent development of medical technology programs in universities like UST mark the development of specialized laboratories in the Philippines.

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3d Medical Laboratory's Deployment

The 3d Medical Laboratory was the first to be deployed to the South West Pacific Area (SWPA) on June 18, 1942, playing a crucial role in providing medical services during wartime.

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Medical Laboratories in Leyte

During the US landing in Leyte in 1944, several medical laboratories, including the 3rd, 5th, 8th, and 19th, were relocated to the West Pacific Area, with the 19th, 3rd, and 363rd operating in Leyte specifically.

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26th and 27th Medical Laboratories

The 26th and 27th Medical Laboratories were added to the deployment in the West Pacific Area, with the 27th operating in Tacloban and the 26th in Lingayen Gulf, providing vital medical services in different locations.

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First Clinical Lab in the Philippines (WWII)

The 6th Infantry Division of the US army established the first clinical laboratory in the Philippines, located at Quiricada St., Sta.Cruz, Manila, during World War II, marking a significant milestone in healthcare.

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Manila Public Health Laboratory's Origin

The first clinical laboratory in the Philippines, established during World War II by the US army, evolved into the Manila Public Health Laboratory after the war.

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Reopening of Manila Public Health Laboratory

The Manila Public Health Laboratory, initially handed over to the National Department of Health after the US army left, was reopened in October 1945 by Dr. Pio de Roda with the help of Dr. Mariano Icasiano.

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Training Program for Laboratory Workers

Dr. Pio de Roda, along with Dr. Prudencia Sta. Ana, established a training program for aspiring laboratory workers after the reopening of the Manila Public Health Laboratory.

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Formal Syllabus for Lab Training

Dr. Prudencia Sta. Ana developed a six-month formal syllabus for the training program, ensuring standardized training and providing trainees with certificates upon completion.

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Medical Laboratory Contributions

The Medical Laboratory unit of the US Army provided essential medical services during World War II, including routine water analyses, food examination, reagent distribution, and investigation of epidemics.

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Special Examinations by Medical Labs

Medical Laboratory units performed various special examinations during World War II, such as serological, bacteriological, pathological, and chemical analyses, as well as post-mortem examinations.

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Study Notes

History of Medical Technology

  • Early medical diagnosis viewed disease as a mystery, caused by environmental and bodily interactions.
  • Hippocrates and Galen (300 BC-180 AD) assessed disease through body fluid (humour) analysis.
  • Urine analysis, lung listening, and outward appearance observation were used for diagnosis.
  • Galen linked diabetes to "urine diarrhea" and fluid intake to urine volume.
  • Medieval Europe used uroscopy (water casting).
  • 900 AD saw the first documented urine characteristics book.
  • Medical technology advanced due to plague and other high mortality diseases.
  • 11th century: physical examinations weren't performed, relying on patient symptoms.
  • 18th century: mechanical techniques and cadaver dissection provided more objective diagnoses.
  • 19th century: machines like Hutchinson's spirometer (lung capacity) and Herisson's sphygmomanometer (blood pressure) were utilized.
  • Chemistry played a role in diagnosing conditions like diabetes, anemia, diphtheria, and syphilis.
  • Increased patient volume and medical knowledge led to specialization.
  • Complex machinery required specialized technical expertise.
  • Hospitals became crucial hubs for medical care, necessitating data management.
  • This led to the need for information technology and medical technicians (80% non-physicians by 1969).
  • Patients were also required to be educated about medical tests.

Medical Technology Advancements (Timeline)

  • Stethoscope (1816): Invented by Rene Laennec, used to examine lungs and heart.
  • Ophthalmoscope (1840): First visual technology for eyes, developed by Hermann von Helmholtz.
  • Microscope (1850): Improved for medical purposes via better lenses.
  • Laryngoscope (1855): Developed by Manuel Garcia for examining the throat.
  • X-ray (1895): Wilhelm Roentgen's discovery allowed internal body view, notably for pneumonia, pleurisy, and tuberculosis in the post-WWII era.
  • Electrocardiograph (1903): William Einthoven's instrument measured heart electrical activity.
  • Drinker respirator (1910): Helped patients with respiratory issues caused by polio.
  • Kenny method (1927): Early physical therapy technique using hot packs and muscle manipulation.
  • Heart-lung machine (1939): Invented by Hermann von Helmholtz.
  • Cardiac catheterization (1940): Techniques evolved to diagnose heart, lung vessels, valves using cannula insertion.

Laboratory Technologies and Innovations

  • Laboratories for medical specimen analysis were organized by chemical experts by the mid-1800s.
  • The CDC's regulation of laboratories began in the mid-1900s.
  • Diagnostic technology advancements in the early 20th century included: electrical measurements, sensor development, nuclear medicine, and diagnostic ultrasound.
  • Medical technologies impacted surgical techniques.
  • Electron microscopes visualized cells, including tumor cells.
  • Tomography and MRI aided diagnostic imaging.
  • Artificial heart valves, blood vessels, and limbs were developed.
  • Robotics, keyhole surgeries, genetic engineering, and telemedicine improved healthcare.

History of Medical Technology in the US

  • The US saw the rise of clinical labs in the late 1800s and early 1900s.
  • The University of Pennsylvania and work from John Kolmer highlighted the role of clinical labs.
  • The 1920s saw formal training and national certification in medical tech.
  • 1922 emergence of the ASCP to encourage cooperation between physicians and clinicians.
  • Standardization of ethics for medical technicians.
  • Clinical laboratories became essential components of large hospitals, employing multiple specialists.

History of Medical technology in the Philippines

  • The Spanish established Manila as their capital in the late 1500s.
  • Hospitals were developed by religious, primarily for the poor.
  • In 1871 the University of Santo Tomas established a medical pharmacy program.
  • The early 20th century, US intervention led to the formation of public health institutions.
  • The Filipino health system changed from Spanish to US models, developing new public labs.
  • 1901: the US established the Bureau of Government Laboratories.
  • 1905 onward, the Bureau of Science expanded, focusing on research and pathology.
  • Laboratory support rose enormously with American military presence and the subsequent establishment of the Philippine Hospital system.
  • Early 1900s: research was concentrated on microbiology and infectious diseases.
  • Labs worked to diagnose and document diseases via laboratory examinations.

Inventions

  • Edward Jenner (1796): developed vaccinations against smallpox.
  • Rudolf Virchow (1850): cell theory.
  • Louis Pasteur (1857): immunity development.

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Explore the evolution of medical diagnosis from ancient times to the 19th century. This quiz covers significant contributors like Hippocrates and Galen, the emergence of various techniques including uroscopy and mechanical devices, and how societal challenges influenced advancements in medical technology. Test your knowledge on how these historical milestones shaped modern medical practices.

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