Lesson 1 - Historyr of Medical Technology Profession

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Questions and Answers

Who was the first graduate of the medical technology program?

Mrs. Willa Hedrick

Dr. Jesse Umali (correct)

Dr. Elvin Hedrick

Tirso Briones

In what year was Medical Technology recognized as an official program at the University of Santo Tomas?

1961 (correct)

1957

1954

1965

What major change occurred at Manila Sanitarium and Hospital in 1954?

It became affiliated with a university in Europe.

It opened the first School of Medical Technology. (correct)

It stopped offering medical internships.

It was restructured into a private education institution.

Who led the first School of Medical Technology in the Philippines?

Mrs. Willa Hedrick Signup and view all the answers

Who is known as the father of microbiology?

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant consequence of the increasing number of patients and medical knowledge?

Development of cooperative arrangements among specialists Signup and view all the answers

In what year did John Kolmer publish his call for national certification of medical technologists?

1918 Signup and view all the answers

Which laboratory divisions were included in clinical laboratories during the early development of medical technology?

Clinical pathology, bacteriology, and radiology Signup and view all the answers

What role did the state legislature of Pennsylvania play in the development of clinical laboratories in 1918?

It enacted a law for fully-equipped laboratories and full-time technicians. Signup and view all the answers

What was noted about the medical professionals in 1969?

80 percent were non-physicians. Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) established in 1922?

To encourage cooperation between physicians and clinical pathologists Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary reason for the increased need for medical technicians and data specialists?

Large amounts of patient data required for diagnosis and treatment Signup and view all the answers

What significant organization occupied the area after the building was destroyed during World War II?

National Institutes of Health of University of the Philippines-Manila Signup and view all the answers

In what year was the Bureau of Science established?

1905 Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary focus of the Bureau of Science in its early research?

Tropical diseases and microbiology Signup and view all the answers

What event followed immediately after Japan attacked Manila on December 8, 1941?

The start of World War II Signup and view all the answers

Which laboratory focused on more than a hundred samples daily to study diseases in the Philippines?

Bureau of Science Laboratory Signup and view all the answers

What type of specimens did the laboratory receive over 7000 of in 1909?

Fecal specimens Signup and view all the answers

Which disease was NOT mentioned as a focus of the Bureau's medical research?

Syphilis Signup and view all the answers

What was the aim of the Certificate in Public Health program opened in June of 1927?

To provide training for the Philippine Health Service's medical officers Signup and view all the answers

How did the Bureau of Science contribute to the field of medical research in the Philippines?

By conducting frequent microbial research on many samples Signup and view all the answers

Which organization was primarily focused on studying the physiological effects of tropical diseases on foreign individuals?

Army Board for the Study of Tropical Diseases Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of technicians and technologists as established by ASCP's code of ethics?

To work under the supervision of a physician. Signup and view all the answers

Which organization was originally a subgroup of ASCP and contributed to the recognition of nonphysician clinical laboratory scientists?

The American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science Signup and view all the answers

In what year was the San Lazaro Hospital for poor and lepers founded by the Franciscans?

1578 Signup and view all the answers

What was the function of the Laboratorio Municipal de Manila established in 1887?

To perform laboratory examinations of clinical samples, food, and water. Signup and view all the answers

Which institution, founded in 1611, established the first faculties of pharmacy and medicine in the Philippines?

The University of Santo Tomas Signup and view all the answers

What significant publication began in 1886 related to medicine and science in the Philippines?

Boletin de Medicina de Manila Signup and view all the answers

What year did the central board of vaccination start producing and distributing vaccine lymph?

1806 Signup and view all the answers

What year were provincial medical officers first appointed in the Philippines?

1876 Signup and view all the answers

Which hospital was founded for poor Spaniards in 1596?

Hospital de San Juan de Dios Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the tasks performed by the Medical Laboratory unit of the US Army during World War II?

Conducting routine water analyses Signup and view all the answers

Which laboratory unit was the first to be assigned in the South West Pacific Area?

3rd Medical Laboratory Signup and view all the answers

What significant event occurred in Leyte in 1944 pertaining to laboratory operations?

Operational relocation of several medical laboratories Signup and view all the answers

Which laboratory operated in Tacloban during its deployment?

27th Medical Laboratory Signup and view all the answers

What role did Dr. Pio de Roda play after the US Army left the Philippines in June 1945?

Reopened the Manila Public Health Laboratory Signup and view all the answers

What training program was conducted by Dr. Pio de Roda and Dr. Prudencia Sta. Ana?

Laboratory technician training program Signup and view all the answers

What was the main focus of the Medical Laboratory unit's epidemiological and sanitary investigations?

Health conditions related to epidemics Signup and view all the answers

What was established by the 6th Infantry Division during World War II?

First clinical laboratory in the Philippines Signup and view all the answers

What type of examinations were performed by the Medical Laboratory unit?

Special serological, bacteriological, and pathological examinations Signup and view all the answers

Where was the only laboratory unit in Luzon located for six months following the US invasion?

Lingayen Gulf Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

History of Medical Technology

Early medical diagnosis viewed disease as a mystery, caused by environmental and bodily interactions.
Hippocrates and Galen (300 BC-180 AD) assessed disease through body fluid (humour) analysis.
Urine analysis, lung listening, and outward appearance observation were used for diagnosis.
Galen linked diabetes to "urine diarrhea" and fluid intake to urine volume.
Medieval Europe used uroscopy (water casting).
900 AD saw the first documented urine characteristics book.
Medical technology advanced due to plague and other high mortality diseases.
11th century: physical examinations weren't performed, relying on patient symptoms.
18th century: mechanical techniques and cadaver dissection provided more objective diagnoses.
19th century: machines like Hutchinson's spirometer (lung capacity) and Herisson's sphygmomanometer (blood pressure) were utilized.
Chemistry played a role in diagnosing conditions like diabetes, anemia, diphtheria, and syphilis.
Increased patient volume and medical knowledge led to specialization.
Complex machinery required specialized technical expertise.
Hospitals became crucial hubs for medical care, necessitating data management.
This led to the need for information technology and medical technicians (80% non-physicians by 1969).
Patients were also required to be educated about medical tests.

Medical Technology Advancements (Timeline)

Stethoscope (1816): Invented by Rene Laennec, used to examine lungs and heart.
Ophthalmoscope (1840): First visual technology for eyes, developed by Hermann von Helmholtz.
Microscope (1850): Improved for medical purposes via better lenses.
Laryngoscope (1855): Developed by Manuel Garcia for examining the throat.
X-ray (1895): Wilhelm Roentgen's discovery allowed internal body view, notably for pneumonia, pleurisy, and tuberculosis in the post-WWII era.
Electrocardiograph (1903): William Einthoven's instrument measured heart electrical activity.
Drinker respirator (1910): Helped patients with respiratory issues caused by polio.
Kenny method (1927): Early physical therapy technique using hot packs and muscle manipulation.
Heart-lung machine (1939): Invented by Hermann von Helmholtz.
Cardiac catheterization (1940): Techniques evolved to diagnose heart, lung vessels, valves using cannula insertion.

Laboratory Technologies and Innovations

Laboratories for medical specimen analysis were organized by chemical experts by the mid-1800s.
The CDC's regulation of laboratories began in the mid-1900s.
Diagnostic technology advancements in the early 20th century included: electrical measurements, sensor development, nuclear medicine, and diagnostic ultrasound.
Medical technologies impacted surgical techniques.
Electron microscopes visualized cells, including tumor cells.
Tomography and MRI aided diagnostic imaging.
Artificial heart valves, blood vessels, and limbs were developed.
Robotics, keyhole surgeries, genetic engineering, and telemedicine improved healthcare.

History of Medical Technology in the US

The US saw the rise of clinical labs in the late 1800s and early 1900s.
The University of Pennsylvania and work from John Kolmer highlighted the role of clinical labs.
The 1920s saw formal training and national certification in medical tech.
1922 emergence of the ASCP to encourage cooperation between physicians and clinicians.
Standardization of ethics for medical technicians.
Clinical laboratories became essential components of large hospitals, employing multiple specialists.

History of Medical technology in the Philippines

The Spanish established Manila as their capital in the late 1500s.
Hospitals were developed by religious, primarily for the poor.
In 1871 the University of Santo Tomas established a medical pharmacy program.
The early 20th century, US intervention led to the formation of public health institutions.
The Filipino health system changed from Spanish to US models, developing new public labs.
1901: the US established the Bureau of Government Laboratories.
1905 onward, the Bureau of Science expanded, focusing on research and pathology.
Laboratory support rose enormously with American military presence and the subsequent establishment of the Philippine Hospital system.
Early 1900s: research was concentrated on microbiology and infectious diseases.
Labs worked to diagnose and document diseases via laboratory examinations.

Inventions

Edward Jenner (1796): developed vaccinations against smallpox.
Rudolf Virchow (1850): cell theory.
Louis Pasteur (1857): immunity development.

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Description

Explore the evolution of medical diagnosis from ancient times to the 19th century. This quiz covers significant contributors like Hippocrates and Galen, the emergence of various techniques including uroscopy and mechanical devices, and how societal challenges influenced advancements in medical technology. Test your knowledge on how these historical milestones shaped modern medical practices.