History of Mechanical Ventilation Modes

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What does VV ECMO stand for?

Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Venoarteriovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (correct)
Vavenoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

In which condition is VA ECMO ('Cardiac ECMO') indicated?

Myocardiac pump failure (correct)
Irreversible myocardial damage
Respiratory failure
Insufficient drainage in VV ECMO

What is the aim of VA ECMO ('Cardiac ECMO')?

Cardiac unloading (correct)
Respiratory support
Insufficient drainage
CO2 retention

What is the condition for using V-AV ECMO?

Cardiorespiratory failure (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does AV stand for in AV CO2 retention?

Arteriovenous (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential advantage of ECCO2R in VV configuration discussed in the text?

Lung saving (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential disadvantage of ECCO2R in VV configuration mentioned in the text?

Bleeding (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a research topic related to ECLS mentioned in the text?

Long-term stability (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Mini HLM discussed in the text?

Intended use: open heart surgery of newborns (B) Signup and view all the answers

What improvement is associated with 3D membranes for artificial lungs as per the text?

Increased gas transfer rates (C) Signup and view all the answers

In which configuration is VV ECMO less invasive than AV ECCO2R?

Vf-VjAf Configuration (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the aim of AV ECCO2R?

Reduction of CO2 in a lung protective manner (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential drawback of VV ECCO2R compared to AV ECCO2R?

More blood damage due to pump (C) Signup and view all the answers

When is AV ECCO2R indicated?

Respiratory failure and good heart index (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main indication for VV ECMO (Respiratory ECMO) according to the text?

Respiratory failure (ARDS) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main aim of VA ECMO in the VV-Af Configuration mentioned in the text?

Increase cardiac unload (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main indication for VV-A ECMO according to the text?

Insufficient venous drainage (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does VV ECMO pump speed typically range from according to the text?

2-3 L/min (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which syndrome does VV-A ECMO aim to address according to the text?

Harlequin Syndrome (C) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of mechanical ventilation, what does SIMV stand for?

Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of SIMV in mechanical ventilation?

It allows the patient to breathe spontaneously at any time without interference from the ventilator. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes SIMV from other mechanical ventilation modes?

It allows for the use of both controlled and supported breaths. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does SIMV compare to assist control (AC) mode of ventilation?

AC mode provides a fixed tidal volume, while SIMV allows for variable tidal volume with spontaneous breaths. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What potential downside is associated with Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (SIMV)?

Reduced patient comfort and increased work of breathing compared to other modes. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of non-invasive ventilation (NIV)?

To support ventilation and increase the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) in patients with COPD (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for non-invasive ventilation (NIV)?

Gastrointestinal bleeding (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main indication for continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)?

Treatment of sleep apnea (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of bi-level positive airway pressure (BPAP)?

To reduce breathing work during exhalation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO)?

Aiding in wound healing disorder (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of SIMV in mechanical ventilation?

To allow for spontaneous breathing while providing a minimum number of breaths per minute (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using SIMV in patients with obstructive lung diseases?

Preventing auto-PEEP by increasing the exhalation time (D) Signup and view all the answers

In what condition might SIMV be discontinued?

Prolonged ventilator dependence (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of spontaneous breathing trials during the weaning process from mechanical ventilation?

To test the patient's ability to breathe independently and assess readiness for extubation (D) Signup and view all the answers

After extubation, what intervention might be considered for patients who still require respiratory support?

Non-invasive ventilation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential future development in invasive ventilation mentioned in the text?

Implementation of smart alarm systems (D) Signup and view all the answers