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Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of the Subjective Units of Distress or Discomfort Scale?
What is the purpose of the Subjective Units of Distress or Discomfort Scale?
The Subjective Units of Distress Scale typically ranges from 0 to 50.
The Subjective Units of Distress Scale typically ranges from 0 to 50.
False
What skill were patients typically taught before exposure treatment?
What skill were patients typically taught before exposure treatment?
Relaxation
Wolpe termed the overall treatment approach as __________ desensitisation.
Wolpe termed the overall treatment approach as __________ desensitisation.
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How is the Distress Scale incrementally labeled?
How is the Distress Scale incrementally labeled?
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Being relaxed is compatible with being afraid.
Being relaxed is compatible with being afraid.
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What was the primary role of the Maudsley Hospital when it first opened?
What was the primary role of the Maudsley Hospital when it first opened?
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Match the following key terms with their definitions:
Match the following key terms with their definitions:
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The Maudsley Hospital was established after the First World War.
The Maudsley Hospital was established after the First World War.
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The scale is sometimes represented from 1 to __________ to make it easier for children to use.
The scale is sometimes represented from 1 to __________ to make it easier for children to use.
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In what year was the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience fully established?
In what year was the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience fully established?
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The first modern hospital for the treatment of mental illness was established in __________.
The first modern hospital for the treatment of mental illness was established in __________.
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Which treatment was standard for psychiatric disorders before the development of modern behavioral approaches?
Which treatment was standard for psychiatric disorders before the development of modern behavioral approaches?
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J.B. Watson conducted research involving classical conditioning with a dog named Little Albert.
J.B. Watson conducted research involving classical conditioning with a dog named Little Albert.
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Match the following terms related to mental illness treatment with their descriptions:
Match the following terms related to mental illness treatment with their descriptions:
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What specific psychological research was mentioned that was linked to J.B. Watson?
What specific psychological research was mentioned that was linked to J.B. Watson?
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What was eliminated completely by the second session according to the patient ratings?
What was eliminated completely by the second session according to the patient ratings?
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Escape behavior is defined as a response that distances us from an ongoing pleasant event.
Escape behavior is defined as a response that distances us from an ongoing pleasant event.
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What psychological treatment method was used between the first and second week?
What psychological treatment method was used between the first and second week?
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The concept that involves experiencing fear and responding by distancing from danger is known as __________.
The concept that involves experiencing fear and responding by distancing from danger is known as __________.
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What does the phenomenon called response desynchrony refer to?
What does the phenomenon called response desynchrony refer to?
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Match the following concepts with their definitions:
Match the following concepts with their definitions:
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Which species-specific reactions shaped the normal responses of animals to danger?
Which species-specific reactions shaped the normal responses of animals to danger?
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What was the effect of the augmented reality session on the patient's fear level?
What was the effect of the augmented reality session on the patient's fear level?
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What is a common reaction of someone fearful of flying when faced with a situation requiring flying?
What is a common reaction of someone fearful of flying when faced with a situation requiring flying?
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The probability of a plane crashing is high enough to justify fear of flying.
The probability of a plane crashing is high enough to justify fear of flying.
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What behavior might someone exhibit when they are hypervigilant in a park?
What behavior might someone exhibit when they are hypervigilant in a park?
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What is the essence of cognitive therapy according to Hamlet's reflection?
What is the essence of cognitive therapy according to Hamlet's reflection?
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Hamlet believes that circumstances determine whether something is good or bad.
Hamlet believes that circumstances determine whether something is good or bad.
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Wearing a _____ charm is an example of a safety behavior.
Wearing a _____ charm is an example of a safety behavior.
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Who is the author of the line 'There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so'?
Who is the author of the line 'There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so'?
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Match the following safety behaviors with their descriptions:
Match the following safety behaviors with their descriptions:
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What is the long-term effect of relying on safety behaviors?
What is the long-term effect of relying on safety behaviors?
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Hamlet's thoughts lead to his _____ and actions.
Hamlet's thoughts lead to his _____ and actions.
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Using a lucky charm can eliminate the fear of being struck by lightning.
Using a lucky charm can eliminate the fear of being struck by lightning.
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Match the following elements to their corresponding descriptions:
Match the following elements to their corresponding descriptions:
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What happens when no negative event occurs during exposure to a frightening situation?
What happens when no negative event occurs during exposure to a frightening situation?
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According to the lecture, what does Hamlet's situation ultimately lead to?
According to the lecture, what does Hamlet's situation ultimately lead to?
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The concept of emotions as covert actions suggests that emotions have no impact on behavior.
The concept of emotions as covert actions suggests that emotions have no impact on behavior.
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What is the role of cognition in the context of cognitive therapy as mentioned in the lecture?
What is the role of cognition in the context of cognitive therapy as mentioned in the lecture?
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Study Notes
Maudsley Hospital
- Established in 1907, it was the first modern hospital dedicated to mental illness treatment.
- Opened in 1916, primarily assessed and treated soldiers with shell shock during WWI.
- Featured occupational therapy workshops as one of the standard treatments at the time.
- It housed the first psychiatry medical school in the UK, conducting training and research on mental illness.
- The medical school fully established in 1924 became the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience.
Treatment Approaches
- Early psychological treatments utilized classical conditioning, influenced by Pavlov's research.
- J.B. Watson connected conditioning to the development of neuroses and phobias, exemplified in the Little Albert case study.
- Joseph Wolpe introduced the Subjective Units of Distress (SUDs) Scale, allowing patients to rate their anxiety levels from 0 (no distress) to 100 (maximum distress).
- Systematic desensitization, a treatment method, involved teaching relaxation techniques to counteract fear responses.
Exposure Therapy and Results
- Exposure therapy aimed to gradually confront patients with feared objects or situations.
- The change in avoidance tendencies often showed variance across treatment sessions, revealing response desynchrony.
- Use of augmented reality in therapy involved patients viewing live footage with virtual stimuli to reduce fear.
- Behavioral and cognitive theories worked together to explain avoidance behaviors and their psychological impacts.
Safety Behaviors and Avoidance Learning
- Escape responses are instinctual, guiding individuals away from perceived dangers.
- Safety behaviors may temporarily alleviate anxiety but can reinforce long-term fears and avoidance patterns.
- Dependence on superstitious actions as safety measures (e.g., wearing lucky charms) illustrates how avoidance can perpetuate fear rather than alleviate it.
Cognitive Therapy Insights
- Cognitive therapy emerged from understanding that thoughts shape perceptions of reality.
- Shakespeare's portrayal in Hamlet, “there is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so,” captures the essence of cognitive therapy.
- The interplay between thoughts, emotions, and behaviors was highlighted through Hamlet's tragic journey, emphasizing the impact of cognitive processes on mental health.
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Description
This quiz delves into the establishment of Maudsley Hospital, the first modern facility for mental illness treatment, and its evolution through early psychological practices. Explore key treatment approaches, including classical conditioning and systematic desensitization, influenced by prominent psychologists. Test your knowledge on the historical significance and methodologies that shaped psychiatric care.
