History of Maudsley Hospital and Treatment Methods

Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of the Subjective Units of Distress or Discomfort Scale?

To rate levels of anxiety (correct)

To conduct medical assessments

To observe patient behavior

To measure a patient's physical health

The Subjective Units of Distress Scale typically ranges from 0 to 50.

False

What skill were patients typically taught before exposure treatment?

Relaxation

Wolpe termed the overall treatment approach as __________ desensitisation.

systematic Signup and view all the answers

How is the Distress Scale incrementally labeled?

In steps of 10 Signup and view all the answers

Being relaxed is compatible with being afraid.

False Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary role of the Maudsley Hospital when it first opened?

Assessing and treating soldiers with shell shock Signup and view all the answers

Match the following key terms with their definitions:

Subjective Units of Distress Scale = A scale used to measure anxiety levels. Reciprocal inhibition = The process of reducing anxiety through relaxation. Systematic desensitisation = A treatment method involving gradual exposure. Counter-conditioning = Changing the emotional response to a stimulus. Signup and view all the answers

The Maudsley Hospital was established after the First World War.

False Signup and view all the answers

The scale is sometimes represented from 1 to __________ to make it easier for children to use.

10 Signup and view all the answers

In what year was the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience fully established?

1924 Signup and view all the answers

The first modern hospital for the treatment of mental illness was established in __________.

Maudsley Hospital Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment was standard for psychiatric disorders before the development of modern behavioral approaches?

Occupational therapy Signup and view all the answers

J.B. Watson conducted research involving classical conditioning with a dog named Little Albert.

False Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to mental illness treatment with their descriptions:

Shell Shock = Psychological condition experienced by soldiers of war Occupational Therapy = Treatment involving engaging patients in work-like activities Institute of Psychiatry = Educational institution for training in mental health Classical Conditioning = Learning process involving paired stimuli Signup and view all the answers

What specific psychological research was mentioned that was linked to J.B. Watson?

Classical conditioning Signup and view all the answers

What was eliminated completely by the second session according to the patient ratings?

Avoidance tendency Signup and view all the answers

Escape behavior is defined as a response that distances us from an ongoing pleasant event.

False Signup and view all the answers

What psychological treatment method was used between the first and second week?

Augmented reality Signup and view all the answers

The concept that involves experiencing fear and responding by distancing from danger is known as __________.

escape Signup and view all the answers

What does the phenomenon called response desynchrony refer to?

The rate of change of different outcome indicators Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their definitions:

Avoidance behavior = Behavior aimed at preventing or minimizing exposure to a feared object Escape = Response that removes oneself from a harmful or threatening situation Augmented reality = Technology that overlays virtual elements on a live view Response desynchrony = Variation in the rate of change among different psychological indicators Signup and view all the answers

Which species-specific reactions shaped the normal responses of animals to danger?

Evolutionary adaptations Signup and view all the answers

What was the effect of the augmented reality session on the patient's fear level?

Drop in fear Signup and view all the answers

What is a common reaction of someone fearful of flying when faced with a situation requiring flying?

They take measures to feel safe. Signup and view all the answers

The probability of a plane crashing is high enough to justify fear of flying.

False Signup and view all the answers

What behavior might someone exhibit when they are hypervigilant in a park?

They may look carefully before taking each step. Signup and view all the answers

What is the essence of cognitive therapy according to Hamlet's reflection?

Thoughts can influence emotions and actions. Signup and view all the answers

Hamlet believes that circumstances determine whether something is good or bad.

False Signup and view all the answers

Wearing a _____ charm is an example of a safety behavior.

lucky Signup and view all the answers

Who is the author of the line 'There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so'?

William Shakespeare Signup and view all the answers

Match the following safety behaviors with their descriptions:

Hypervigilance = Looking carefully before taking steps Lucky charm = Worn to avoid bad luck Carrying a stick = Preparedness for a non-existent threat Noise-making = Scaring away perceived dangers Signup and view all the answers

What is the long-term effect of relying on safety behaviors?

Continued reliance on the behaviors Signup and view all the answers

Hamlet's thoughts lead to his _____ and actions.

emotions Signup and view all the answers

Using a lucky charm can eliminate the fear of being struck by lightning.

False Signup and view all the answers

Match the following elements to their corresponding descriptions:

Hamlet = A character questioning his thoughts about the world. Cognitive therapy = Therapeutic approach focusing on thought processes. Mowrer = Associated with the two-process model of emotions. Tragedy = A common theme in Shakespeare's works. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when no negative event occurs during exposure to a frightening situation?

It temporarily reduces anxiety. Signup and view all the answers

According to the lecture, what does Hamlet's situation ultimately lead to?

His own suicide. Signup and view all the answers

The concept of emotions as covert actions suggests that emotions have no impact on behavior.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cognition in the context of cognitive therapy as mentioned in the lecture?

Cognition influences emotions and behaviors. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Maudsley Hospital

Established in 1907, it was the first modern hospital dedicated to mental illness treatment.
Opened in 1916, primarily assessed and treated soldiers with shell shock during WWI.
Featured occupational therapy workshops as one of the standard treatments at the time.
It housed the first psychiatry medical school in the UK, conducting training and research on mental illness.
The medical school fully established in 1924 became the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience.

Treatment Approaches

Early psychological treatments utilized classical conditioning, influenced by Pavlov's research.
J.B. Watson connected conditioning to the development of neuroses and phobias, exemplified in the Little Albert case study.
Joseph Wolpe introduced the Subjective Units of Distress (SUDs) Scale, allowing patients to rate their anxiety levels from 0 (no distress) to 100 (maximum distress).
Systematic desensitization, a treatment method, involved teaching relaxation techniques to counteract fear responses.

Exposure Therapy and Results

Exposure therapy aimed to gradually confront patients with feared objects or situations.
The change in avoidance tendencies often showed variance across treatment sessions, revealing response desynchrony.
Use of augmented reality in therapy involved patients viewing live footage with virtual stimuli to reduce fear.
Behavioral and cognitive theories worked together to explain avoidance behaviors and their psychological impacts.

Safety Behaviors and Avoidance Learning

Escape responses are instinctual, guiding individuals away from perceived dangers.
Safety behaviors may temporarily alleviate anxiety but can reinforce long-term fears and avoidance patterns.
Dependence on superstitious actions as safety measures (e.g., wearing lucky charms) illustrates how avoidance can perpetuate fear rather than alleviate it.

Cognitive Therapy Insights

Cognitive therapy emerged from understanding that thoughts shape perceptions of reality.
Shakespeare's portrayal in Hamlet, “there is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so,” captures the essence of cognitive therapy.
The interplay between thoughts, emotions, and behaviors was highlighted through Hamlet's tragic journey, emphasizing the impact of cognitive processes on mental health.

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Description

This quiz delves into the establishment of Maudsley Hospital, the first modern facility for mental illness treatment, and its evolution through early psychological practices. Explore key treatment approaches, including classical conditioning and systematic desensitization, influenced by prominent psychologists. Test your knowledge on the historical significance and methodologies that shaped psychiatric care.

History of Maudsley Hospital and Treatment Methods

Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of the Subjective Units of Distress or Discomfort Scale?

The Subjective Units of Distress Scale typically ranges from 0 to 50.

What skill were patients typically taught before exposure treatment?

Wolpe termed the overall treatment approach as __________ desensitisation.

How is the Distress Scale incrementally labeled?

Being relaxed is compatible with being afraid.

What was the primary role of the Maudsley Hospital when it first opened?

Match the following key terms with their definitions:

The Maudsley Hospital was established after the First World War.

The scale is sometimes represented from 1 to __________ to make it easier for children to use.

In what year was the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience fully established?

The first modern hospital for the treatment of mental illness was established in __________.

Which treatment was standard for psychiatric disorders before the development of modern behavioral approaches?

J.B. Watson conducted research involving classical conditioning with a dog named Little Albert.

Match the following terms related to mental illness treatment with their descriptions:

What specific psychological research was mentioned that was linked to J.B. Watson?

What was eliminated completely by the second session according to the patient ratings?

Escape behavior is defined as a response that distances us from an ongoing pleasant event.

What psychological treatment method was used between the first and second week?

The concept that involves experiencing fear and responding by distancing from danger is known as __________.

What does the phenomenon called response desynchrony refer to?

Match the following concepts with their definitions:

Which species-specific reactions shaped the normal responses of animals to danger?

What was the effect of the augmented reality session on the patient's fear level?

What is a common reaction of someone fearful of flying when faced with a situation requiring flying?

The probability of a plane crashing is high enough to justify fear of flying.

What behavior might someone exhibit when they are hypervigilant in a park?

What is the essence of cognitive therapy according to Hamlet's reflection?

Hamlet believes that circumstances determine whether something is good or bad.

Wearing a _____ charm is an example of a safety behavior.

Who is the author of the line 'There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so'?

Match the following safety behaviors with their descriptions:

What is the long-term effect of relying on safety behaviors?

Hamlet's thoughts lead to his _____ and actions.

Using a lucky charm can eliminate the fear of being struck by lightning.

Match the following elements to their corresponding descriptions:

What happens when no negative event occurs during exposure to a frightening situation?

According to the lecture, what does Hamlet's situation ultimately lead to?

The concept of emotions as covert actions suggests that emotions have no impact on behavior.

What is the role of cognition in the context of cognitive therapy as mentioned in the lecture?

Study Notes

Maudsley Hospital

Treatment Approaches

Exposure Therapy and Results

Safety Behaviors and Avoidance Learning

Cognitive Therapy Insights

Studying That Suits You

Description

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