History of Long-Distance Communication
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Questions and Answers

What does Claude Shannon's information theory primarily focus on?

  • The storage capacities of digital media
  • The fundamental limitations on processing and communication of information (correct)
  • The psychological effects of information exchange
  • The detailed operation of communication devices

    • What is defined as the exchange of data between a source and a receiver in a network?

  • Data processing
  • Data communication (correct)
  • Data storage
  • Data replication

    • Which coding format is commonly used to translate letters into binary?

  • HTML code
  • Binary Indexed Trees
  • ASCII code (correct)
  • Unicode format

    • Which aspect does information theory overlap with extensively?

    <p>Communication theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of signals can data bits be transmitted in?

    <p>Both analog and digital signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which topology connects all nodes through a single link with one master node?

    <p>Multidrop topology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which topology does each node connect to a central hub?

    <p>Star topology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following topologies allows for arbitrary interconnections between network nodes?

    <p>Mesh topology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which topology creates a loop by serially connecting the last node to the first node?

    <p>Ring topology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a line terminator in a bus topology?

    <p>To prevent signals from interfering with each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology characterizes 3rd Generation (3G) mobile communication?

    <p>General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key technology used in 4th Generation (4G) mobile communication?

    <p>Beamforming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of 5th Generation (5G) mobile networks compared to 4G?

    <p>Faster data transfer speeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of data refers to continuous information, such as the human voice?

    <p>Analog data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines digital communication?

    <p>Communication through data bits in binary code</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about data is correct?

    <p>Data can be both analog and digital.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a feature of digital data?

    <p>Continuous values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these technologies is associated with high-speed wireless communication standards in 4G?

    <p>Long-Term Evolution (LTE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the oldest forms of long-distance communication used by American Indians?

    <p>Smoke Signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which communication method was developed by Claude Chappe in 1792?

    <p>Semaphore Flags</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technological advancement allowed for the simultaneous transmission of the human voice?

    <p>Telephone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major breakthrough in long-distance communication is characterized by the use of Morse code?

    <p>Electrical Telegraph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the first generation of mobile communication technology?

    <p>1G</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which generation of mobile communications introduced digital cellphones and CDMA technology?

    <p>2G</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What communication method used animals to relay messages across distances in ancient civilizations?

    <p>Pigeon Courier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technology involved the projection of electric current into space as radio waves?

    <p>Wireless Telegraphy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical range of a personal area network (PAN)?

    <p>10 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of network specifically interconnects local area networks (LANs) within a metropolitan area?

    <p>Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a wide area network (WAN)?

    <p>Public switched telephone network (PSTN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geographical area does a local area network (LAN) typically cover?

    <p>A building or a floor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of devices are typically connected in a personal area network (PAN)?

    <p>Cellphones, tablets, and laptops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which network type can cover the globe?

    <p>Wide Area Network (WAN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a Local Area Network (LAN)?

    <p>Covers large geographical areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common technology used in metropolitan area networks (MANs)?

    <p>Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    History of Long-Distance Communication

    • Long-distance communication developed from the transmission of electrical signals over wire communications.
    • Smoke Signals: An ancient method used for distress signals by American Indians and for communication on the Great Wall of China.
    • Pigeon Courier: Used by ancient civilizations like Persians, Romans, and Greeks for sending messages via carrier pigeons.
    • Semaphore Flags: Invention by Claude Chappe in 1792 utilizing flags to send messages over distances.
    • Pony Express: Established in 1860, a mail service utilizing horse-mounted riders for delivering messages and newspapers.
    • Electrical Telegraph: Transmitted messages using Morse code, revolutionizing long-distance communication.
    • Wireless Telegraphy (Radio): Projected electric currents into space as radio waves for transmission.
    • Telephone: Enabled simultaneous transmission of the human voice over long distances.

    Notable Advancements in Digital Communication

    • 1st Generation (1G): Introduced analog wireless technology.
    • 2nd Generation (2G): Transitioned cellphones from analog to digital; introduced CDMA, GSM, SMS, GPRS, and PSN.
    • 3rd Generation (3G): Implemented Universal Mobile Telecommunication Systems (UMTS) for multimedia services and established HSPA+.
    • 4th Generation (4G): Key technologies include MIMO and OFDM; notable standards are WiMAX and LTE.
    • 5th Generation (5G): Offers up to 10 times faster data transfer than 4G; supports IoT and smart systems.

    Data Representation

    • Data can be analog or digital; forms include numbers, text, audio, and video.
    • Analog Data: Continuous information, e.g., human voice.
    • Digital Data: Discrete values represented as bits (1s and 0s).
    • Digital communication involves transmitting data bits as signals; encoding information into binary representations (e.g., ASCII).

    Information Theory

    • Developed by Claude Shannon, focuses on the transmission and processing of information-related conditions.
    • Addresses fundamental limitations in communication and processing rather than device operation.

    Data Communication

    • Involves exchange of data between nodes in a network, independent of geographical locations or mediums.
    • Star Topology: All nodes connected to a central hub.
    • Multidrop Topology: Contains a master node and interconnected slave nodes.
    • Mesh Topology: Nodes interconnected arbitrarily without a pure hierarchy.
    • Bus Topology: All nodes peer-to-peer, without master-slave relationship.
    • Ring Topology: Nodes connected in a loop arrangement.

    Data Communications Geographical Coverage

    • Personal Area Networks (PANs): Cover small areas around individuals, typically within 10 meters.
    • Local Area Networks (LANs): Connect devices within a small geographical area like a building or campus.
    • Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs): Interconnect multiple LANs in a specific metropolitan area.
    • Wide Area Networks (WANs): Span large areas such as countries or globally, includes the Internet and PSTN.

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    Description

    Explore the fascinating evolution of long-distance communication methods, from ancient smoke signals to the modern telephone. This quiz covers significant advancements like the telegraph and wireless technology, highlighting how each innovation has shaped the way we connect across distances. Test your knowledge of historical communication techniques and their impact on society!

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