History of Leech Therapy

Study Notes

Leech therapy is one of the oldest healing methods documented in medical history.
Historically associated with Dhanvanthari, a key figure in traditional Indian medicine, who symbolizes the balance of healing with leeches and nectar.

Leech therapy involves the use of leeches to treat various medical conditions.
Leeches are carnivorous aquatic or terrestrial worms with two suckers, one on each end.

Anti-coagulating: Leeches' saliva contains "hirudin," an enzyme that inhibits blood coagulation by binding to thrombin.
Clot dissolving: Salivary compounds have thrombolytic effects, facilitating the breakdown of fibrins and dissolving blood clots.
Anti-inflammatory: Bdellins in saliva inhibit trypsin and plasmin, effectively reducing inflammation.
Vasodilating: Compounds like histamine, acetylcholine, and carboxypeptides help widen blood vessels, increasing blood flow.
Bacteriostatic and Anesthetic: Saliva contains substances that numb pain at the application site and inhibit bacterial growth.

Leeches possess various proteins in their saliva with unique properties affecting the coagulation cascade.
They inhibit the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin and reduce platelet aggregation.
Analgesic effects are provided, reducing pain and numbness.

Common side effects:
- Mild pain at the bite site
- Prolonged bleeding
- Itching and redness surrounding the bite area
Rare side effects:
- Skin infections
- Temporary enlargement of lymph nodes
- Pigmentation disorders
- Temporary swelling of tissues