History of Laboratory Biosafety and Biosecurity
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following was established in 1943 related to biosafety?

  • International guidelines for laboratory safety
  • World Health Organization
  • Biological weapons program by Franklin Roosevelt (correct)
  • First biosafety laboratory standards

    • What is one requirement for students in understanding biosafety and biosecurity?

  • Focusing solely on chemical experiments
  • Memorizing all laboratory procedures
  • Understanding the history of marketing
  • Articulating the importance in health sciences (correct)

    • What can be classified as a laboratory hazard?

  • Taking detailed notes
  • Engaging in theoretical discussions
  • Using online research tools
  • Poor ventilation (correct)

    • What component is essential in the development of biological weapons according to historical context?

    <p>Biosafety practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a category under laboratory biosafety guidelines?

    <p>Chemical Safety Regulations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of standard precautions in the laboratory setting?

    <p>Ensuring health and safety measures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to understand the chain of infection in biosafety?

    <p>To reduce risks and prevent disease spread</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety?

    <p>To ensure an adequate level of protection regarding living modified organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization focuses on the evaluation of biosafety proposals in the Philippines?

    <p>National Committee on Biosafety of the Philippines (NCBP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the WHO Laboratory Biosafety Manual primarily provide guidance on?

    <p>Biosafety levels and microbiological techniques.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Executive Order 514 in the Philippines?

    <p>Establishes the National Biosafety Framework.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization promotes biosafety and provides guidance in North America?

    <p>American Biological Safety Association (ABSA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does DA Administrative Order No. 8 specifically address?

    <p>Importation and release of plant products from biotechnology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary focus of the National Committee on Biosafety of the Philippines?

    <p>Implementation of biosafety organizational structures and guidelines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a focus area of the WHO Laboratory Biosafety Manual?

    <p>Clinical trials for new treatments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who analyzed multiple epidemiological studies of laboratory-based outbreaks in 1966?

    <p>Arnold Wedum and Morton Reitman</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was classified by the CDC in 1974?

    <p>Etiological agents based on hazard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization published the Laboratory Safety Manual in 1983-1984?

    <p>World Health Organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant action was taken by the US Government in 1996?

    <p>Enactment of the Select Agent Regulations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was introduced in South Korea in 2005 related to infectious diseases?

    <p>Act on Prevention of Infectious Diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What innovation did Arnold Wedum describe in 1907-1908?

    <p>Mechanical pipettors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country enacted a biological agents regulation in 2005 that included harsher penalties?

    <p>Singapore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In 1967, where was the remaining smallpox virus consolidated?

    <p>CDC and the State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology in Russia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which regulatory body authorized regulation related to biological agents in Denmark in 2008?

    <p>Danish Parliament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is recognized as one of the pioneers of biosafety in 1994?

    <p>Arnold Wedum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the European Biological Safety Association (EBSA)?

    <p>To provide a forum for discussions and debates on biosafety concerns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines biosafety?

    <p>Measures to protect workers from hazards and prevent spread of agents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization is focused on biological risk management in professional fields?

    <p>Biological Risk Association Philippines (BRAP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What statement correctly describes biosecurity?

    <p>It ensures the secure use and handling of biological materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the meaning of biosafety?

    <p>It includes laboratory procedures to prevent infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is correct regarding the protection of biological materials?

    <p>Biosecurity emphasizes the accountability for biological materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is associated with the establishment of the biological weapons program?

    <p>Ira Baldwin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which administrative order covers policies on the importation and release of plants derived from modern biotechnology?

    <p>DA A.O. No. 8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of understanding the chain of infection in medical technology?

    <p>To minimize the risk of transmitting infectious diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components is NOT part of the chain of infection?

    <p>Health care delivery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is biosafety considered essential in the health sciences?

    <p>It prevents the misuse of biological materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of standard precautions in a laboratory setting?

    <p>Using personal protective equipment (PPE).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement reflects a misunderstanding about biosafety principles?

    <p>Biosafety is critical for all laboratory practices regardless of levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a fundamental goal of laboratory biosafety and biosecurity?

    <p>To promote understanding and prevent incidents in health sciences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is primarily addressed by standard precautions in laboratory biosafety?

    <p>Reducing the risk of exposure to infectious agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components is essential for breaking the chain of infection?

    <p>Identifying vectors of disease transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary classifications under laboratory biosafety?

    <p>Biological risk groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'biosecurity' primarily emphasize?

    <p>The prevention of unauthorized access to biological materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate goal of understanding the importance of biosafety and biosecurity in health sciences?

    <p>To enhance patient care and safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the chain of infection?

    <p>It involves the sequence of events that allow infectious diseases to spread.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recognized component of laboratory biosafety?

    <p>Minimizing laboratory space to enhance safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one primary reason for implementing standard precautions in laboratory settings?

    <p>To prevent the spread of infections and ensure safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is essential for preventing the transmission of infections according to the chain of infection model?

    <p>Effective cleaning protocols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    History of Laboratory Biosafety and Biosecurity

    • The US Biological Weapons program began in 1943
    • Ira L. Baldwin established the US biological weapons program
    • Newell A. Johnson modified biosafety design and developed technical solutions
    • Arnold Wedum and Morton Reitman analyzed multiple epidemiological studies of laboratory-based outbreaks in 1966
    • The consolidation of remaining smallpox virus took place in 1967, at the Center for Disease and Control and Prevention in the US and the State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology in Russia
    • In 1974, the CDC classifies Etiological Agents on the Basis of Hazard
    • NIH guidelines for research involving recombinant DNA molecules were established in 1976
    • The WHO Laboratory Safety Manual was created in 1983-1984
    • Arnold Wedum was recognized as a pioneer of biosafety in 1994
    • The US Government enacted the Select Agent Regulations in 1996, and they were revised again in 2001
    • Singapore’s Biological Agents and Toxins Act was put into effect in 2005, and it had harsher penalties compared to the US version
    • South Korea’s Act on Prevention of Infectious Diseases also came about in 2005, specifically focusing on “Highly dangerous pathogens”
    • Japan's Infectious Disease Control Law came about, and the Control Law categorized four schedules of select agents
    • The Canadian Containment Level 3 & 4 program was put in place, and laboratories were required to undergo certification
    • The Danish Parliament Ministry of Health and Prevention gave approval to regulate the possession, manufacture, use, storage, sale, and disposal of biological agents in 2008

    Organizations in the Field of Biosafety

    • The American Biological Safety Association (ABSA), an association in North America, promotes biosafety and biosecurity as a scientific discipline and provides guidance to its members on the regulatory regime
    • The Asia-Pacific Biosafety Association (A-PBA) is a professional society for biosafety professionals in the Asia-Pacific Region
    • The European Biological Safety Association (EBSA) provides a forum for discussions and debates on issues of concern and represents those working in the field of biosafety
    • Philippine Biosafety and Biosecurity Association (PhBBA) assists DA and DOE in creating a national policy and implementation plan for laboratory biosafety and biosecurity
    • Biological Risk Association Philippines (BRAP) serves emergent concerns of biological risk management in various professional fields

    Basic Concepts in Laboratory Biosafety

    • Biosafety: measures undertaken to protect workers from hazards and prevent the spread of hazardous agents from the laboratory
    • Biosecurity: ensures the safe use and security of biological materials in laboratories
    • Biosafety protects people from germs, Biosecurity protects germs from people

    Chain of Infection

    • Understanding the chain of infection is essential for preventing the spread of diseases.
    • The chain of infection describes the steps involved in the transmission of an infectious agent from a source to a host.
    • The components of the chain of infection are infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host.

    Importance of Chain of Infection

    • It helps understand the process of disease transmission and implement measures to break the chain.
    • It is vital for healthcare workers in designing effective infection control strategies.
    • It helps in preventing the spread of infections in laboratories and healthcare settings.
    • It informs the development of policies and procedures for biosafety and biosecurity.

    Importance of Chain of Infection

    • Understanding the chain of infection is crucial for preventing the spread of infectious diseases in a laboratory and healthcare settings.

    Components of Chain of Infection

    • Infectious Agent: Pathogenic organisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
    • Reservoir: Where the infectious agent lives and multiplies, examples include humans, animals, and the environment.
    • Portal of Exit: How the infectious agent leaves the reservoir, such as through coughing, sneezing, or open wounds.
    • Mode of Transmission: Methods of transferring the infectious agent from the reservoir to a susceptible host, including direct contact, indirect contact, droplet transmission, and airborne transmission.
    • Portal of Entry: How the infectious agent enters a susceptible host, like through the respiratory system, eyes, or broken skin.
    • Susceptible Host: An individual who is at risk of infection due to factors such as age, underlying medical conditions, and weakened immune system.

    Chain of Infection

    • The chain of infection is an important concept in understanding how diseases are spread.
    • Understanding the chain of infection can be crucial for preventing illness.
    • Each component of the chain of infection offers a potential point for intervention to break the cycle of disease transmission.

    Components of The Chain of Infection

    • Infectious Agent: The pathogen that causes the disease (e.g., bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites).
    • Reservoir: The place where the pathogen lives and multiplies (e.g., humans, animals, the environment).
    • Portal of Exit: How the pathogen leaves the reservoir (e.g., respiratory droplets, blood, feces).
    • Mode of Transmission: How the pathogen travels from the reservoir to a susceptible host (e.g., direct contact, airborne transmission, contaminated objects).
    • Portal of Entry: How the pathogen enters a new host (e.g., respiratory tract, skin, mucous membranes).
    • Susceptible Host: A person who is at risk of contracting the disease (e.g., individuals with weakened immune systems, infants, elderly).

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    Description

    Explore the key events and milestones in the evolution of laboratory biosafety and biosecurity. From the establishment of the US biological weapons program in 1943 to the development of vital safety guidelines, this quiz will test your knowledge on important figures, regulations, and historical events in this critical field. Understand how these changes have shaped current biosafety practices.

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