Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of converting the PPI News Commons into a news aggregator?
Which social media platform experienced the fastest growth for accessing news?
What is the first element of news writing mentioned?
Which form of lead is associated with using a prepositional phrase?
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What was the first newspaper published in the Philippines?
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What is the primary purpose of journalism according to the Social Responsibility Theory?
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Under which theory are journalism and media considered integral parts of the state?
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What does Gatekeeping Theory examine?
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Which theory suggests the media shapes the public agenda by focusing on specific issues?
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What is a characteristic of the Soviet Communist Theory regarding media ownership?
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Which theory emphasizes avoiding serious invasion of privacy rights?
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How does Framing Theory influence audience interpretation?
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What major principle does Libertarian Theory support regarding the media?
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What was the first known journalistic product in ancient Rome?
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Which country saw the issuance of the bao during the Tang dynasty?
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When did the first English newspaper, the Weekly Newes, get published?
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What technological advancement significantly increased the speed of journalism in the late 20th century?
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Which event marked the beginning of organized journalism in England?
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What role did the introduction of steam-powered presses play in journalism?
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When was the first university course in journalism offered?
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What was a significant change in journalism during the 20th century?
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What is the primary role of journalists according to the content?
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Which country had the highest level of trust in the media according to the survey?
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How many journalists were killed worldwide in 2023?
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What trend was observed regarding the number of journalists killed from 2012 to 2021?
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What percentage of respondents in 2023 trusted the media as a reliable source of information?
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How many journalists are regularly imprisoned worldwide?
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What is one reason mentioned for the need for a national media policy?
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What significant event occurred regarding journalists between 2014 and 2019?
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Which country has the highest trust in journalists?
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What is the number of imprisoned journalists worldwide?
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Which region has the highest number of journalists killed?
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What percentage of journalists block PR communications due to inaccurate information?
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Which of the following media brands has a dominant audience share in the Philippines?
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What project was launched by the National Union of Journalists of the Philippines to defend journalists?
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What is the percentage of journalists worldwide who handle five or more topics?
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Which media network is associated with systematic red-tagging in the Philippines?
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Study Notes
History of Journalism
- The Acta Diurna was the first known journalistic product from ancient Rome, documenting important daily events.
- In China, the Tang dynasty issued court circulars called bao to inform government officials.
- The first regularly published newspapers emerged in German cities and Antwerp around 1609, with the Weekly Newes in England debuting in 1622.
- The Daily Courant, recognized as one of the first daily newspapers, started circulation in 1702.
Historical Publishing
- The 18th century saw newspapers thrive with increased reportorial freedom alongside rising literacy rates.
- The introduction of steam and electric presses led to significant increases in newspaper circulation.
- The 17th century marked the beginning of magazines featuring opinion articles on current affairs.
- News agencies emerged to handle the costs of large-scale news gathering.
- Innovations like the telegraph, radio, and television drastically increased the speed of news dissemination.
- Late 20th century advancements included satellite and internet technologies for long-distance news transmission.
The Profession of Journalism
- Journalism in the 20th century developed a sense of professionalism, highlighted by the formation of England’s Institute of Journalists in 1883.
- The University of Missouri offered the first journalism course from 1879 to 1884.
- The rise of multiple media forms required diverse skills for news gathering and reporting.
- The libertarian view advocates for the media's independence to discover truths and check government power.
Social Responsibility Theory
- This theory, emerging in the 1940s in the U.S., emphasizes journalism's role in fostering public discourse rather than merely opposing government.
- Focused on community opinions and professional ethics, this theory guides most U.S. journalism practices.
Soviet Communist Theory
- Journalism, according to Marxist and Leninist doctrine, promotes government social policy instead of objective truth-seeking.
- Media operates under state ownership, with emphasis on serving the government's interests.
Gatekeeping Theory
- Examines how journalists and editors select which information is deemed newsworthy for publication.
Agenda-Setting Theory
- Suggests that media influences what issues are considered important rather than what people should think about them.
Framing Theory
- Analyzes how news stories are structured and how that framing affects audience interpretation.
Current Trends in Philippine Journalism
- The Philippine Press Institute transitioned PPI News Commons into a news aggregator for ad attraction.
- TikTok usage for news surged to 21% in 2023 from only 2% in 2020.
- Trust in news dropped to 38% overall with 47% sharing news via social platforms.
Press Freedom Statistics
- In 2023, the RSF World Press Freedom Index ranked the Philippines at 132 out of 180 with a score of 46.21.
- The first Philippine newspaper was Gaceta Del Superior Gobierno, while UST The Varsitarian is the oldest school publication.
News Writing Essentials
- Focus on concise, timely, relevant, and objective news writing.
- Key elements include proximity, significance, conflict, prominence, timeliness, rarity, and impact.
- The structure of a news article typically includes a headline, byline, lead, body, and quotes.
Journalistic Roles
- Journalists advocate responsibly, raising awareness and providing a voice for the public.
Leads in Journalism
- Conventional leads answer the "who, what, when, where" questions.
- Other lead forms include grammatical phrases and various novel techniques like descriptive or background leads.
Challenges in Journalism
- Journalists face oppression, harassment, and privacy invasions, emphasizing the need for national media policies to protect journalistic freedom.
Journalistic Facts and Figures
- In 2023, 45 journalists were killed globally.
- Over 250 journalists are imprisoned worldwide annually, with nearly 1,500 arrests and 400 kidnappings reported between 2014-2019.
- Trust in media is low, with only 50% of 28 countries expressing confidence in the media, highlighting disparities in trust across nations.
Philippine Journalism Context
- Under Marcos's regime, journalists faced threats, surveillance, and red-tagging.
- The National Union of Journalists of the Philippines initiated Project Lawfare to combat legal harassment.
- Radio and TV remain the most popular media in the Philippines, with major players like GMA Network and ABS-CBN continuing to have a significant presence.
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Description
Explore the intriguing evolution of journalism from ancient Roman times to the technological advancements of the 18th century. Discover key milestones such as the emergence of the first newspapers, the impact of reportorial freedom, and the innovations that transformed news dissemination. Test your knowledge of how journalism has shaped societies throughout history.
