History of IT: World War II to Modern Times
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The first programmable computer and the transistor were major technological breakthroughs in electronics that took place after World War II, with Bell Labs John Bardeen & Walter Brattain creating the 1st transistor on Dec. 16, 1947, known as the ______.

point-contact transistor

New information technologies became widely diffused around 1970, with 3 main technological fields being micro-electronics, computers, and ______.

telecommunication

The transistor made the fast processing of electric impulses in a binary mode possible, enabling the coding of logic and communication between ______.

machines

Semiconductor processing devices like integrated circuits (IC’s) and chips are now made of millions of ______.

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In 1971, Intel introduced the 4-bit 4004 microprocessor, which is known as the computer on a chip, enabling information-processing power to be installed ______.

<p>everywhere</p> Signup and view all the answers

Moore’s Law, named after Gordon Moore, observes that the number of transistors in an integrated circuit doubles approximately every ______ years.

<p>two</p> Signup and view all the answers

Greater miniaturization, further specialization, and the decreasing price of increasingly powerful ______ made it possible to place them in every machine, from dishwashers and microwave ovens to automobiles. Mid 1980’s - 1990’s - Microcomputers were linked up in networks with increased mobility along with the capacity to add memory and processing capacity. - 1990’s - from centralized data storage and processing in mainframes to networked, interactive computer power-sharing and desktop computers. - Affecting not only the whole technological system but its social and organizational interactions as well. 2010’s - Storage capacity was so cheap and computing power increased enough - The time of Big Data commenced - massive amounts of data are analyzed algorithmically to find patterns - E.g. the measurements to compute the black hole image, brain scan image analyses, and online user behavior Big Data - No single definition - Associated with 5 V’s 1.Volume - the huge amount of data 2.Velocity - the speed at which they are generated 3.Variety - the different types of formats 4.Veracity - the trustworthiness of that data 5.Value - the money one can make with it Networking Capability - Became possible because of major developments in telecommunication and computer networking technologies - Made possible by new micro-electronic devices and stepped-up computing capacity - Telecommunication have been revolutionized further by the combination of: - “Node” technologies - electronic switches and routers - New linkages - transmission technologies - Major advances in: - Opto-electronics - fiber-optics and laser transmission - Digital packet transmission technology - broadened the capacity of transmission lines.- Opto-electronics-based transmission capacity, together with advanced switching and routing architectures, such as TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Interconnection Protocol) are the foundation of the Internet. 1960’s - A call to investigate how computers could be ‘connected’ to each other to create an environment to enhance computer research.- The US DoD (Department of Defense) through ARPA (Advanced Research Project Agency) created the first large computer network in 1969.- Result: ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) - which connected numerous universities to each other.- Employing the internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) from 1983. Smartphone - Could be seen as a “camera with which you can also call” Internet - The convergence of all aforementioned electronic technologies into the field of interactive communication led to the creation of the current version of the Internet.- Time will tell if it is the most revolutionary technologi...

<p>chips</p> Signup and view all the answers

The time of Big Data commenced - massive amounts of ______ are analyzed algorithmically to find patterns - E.g. the measurements to compute the black hole image, brain scan image analyses, and online user behavior Big Data - No single definition - Associated with 5 V’s 1.Volume - the huge amount of ______ 2.Velocity - the speed at which they are generated 3.Variety - the different types of formats 4.Veracity - the trustworthiness of that ______ 5.Value - the money one can make with it Networking Capability - Became possible because of major developments in telecommunication and computer networking technologies - Made possible by new micro-electronic devices and stepped-up computing capacity - Telecommunication have been revolutionized further by the combination of: - “Node” technologies - electronic switches and routers - New linkages - transmission technologies - Major advances in: - Opto-electronics - fiber-optics and laser transmission - Digital packet transmission technology - broadened the capacity of transmission lines.- Opto-electronics-based transmission capacity, together with advanced switching and routing architectures, such as TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Interconnection Protocol) are the foundation of the Internet. 1960’s - A call to investigate how computers could be ‘connected’ to each other to create an environment to enhance computer research.- The US DoD (Department of Defense) through ARPA (Advanced Research Project Agency) created the first large computer network in 1969.- Result: ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) - which connected numerous universities to each other.- Employing the internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) from 1983. Smartphone - Could be seen as a “camera with which you can also call” Internet - The convergence of all aforementioned electronic technologies into the field of interactive communication led to the creation of the current version of the Internet.- Time will tell if it is the most revolutionary technologi...

<p>data</p> Signup and view all the answers

Smartphone - Could be seen as a “camera with which you can also call” Internet - The convergence of all aforementioned electronic technologies into the field of interactive ______ led to the creation of the current version of the Internet.- Time will tell if it is the most revolutionary technologi...

<p>communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

From centralized data storage and processing in mainframes to networked, interactive computer power-sharing and desktop computers. - Affecting not only the whole technological system but its social and organizational interactions as well. 2010’s - Storage capacity was so cheap and computing power increased enough - The time of Big Data commenced - massive amounts of ______ are analyzed algorithmically to find patterns - E.g. the measurements to compute the black hole image, brain scan image analyses, and online user behavior Big Data - No single definition - Associated with 5 V’s 1.Volume - the huge amount of data 2.Velocity - the speed at which they are generated 3.Variety - the different types of formats 4.Veracity - the trustworthiness of that data 5.Value - the money one can make with it Networking Capability - Became possible because of major developments in telecommunication and computer networking technologies - Made possible by new micro-electronic devices and stepped-up computing capacity - Telecommunication have been revolutionized further by the combination of: - “Node” technologies - electronic switches and routers - New linkages - transmission technologies - Major advances in: - Opto-electronics - fiber-optics and laser transmission - Digital packet transmission technology - broadened the capacity of transmission lines.- Opto-electronics-based transmission capacity, together with advanced switching and routing architectures, such as TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Interconnection Protocol) are the foundation of the Internet. 1960’s - A call to investigate how computers could be ‘connected’ to each other to create an environment to enhance computer research.- The US DoD (Department of Defense) through ARPA (Advanced Research Project Agency) created the first large computer network in 1969.- Result: ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) - which connected numerous universities to each other.- Employing the internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) from 1983.

<p>data</p> Signup and view all the answers

Internet - The convergence of all aforementioned electronic technologies into the field of interactive ______ led to the creation of the current version of the Internet.- Time will tell if it is the most revolutionary technologi...

<p>communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

The US DoD (Department of Defense) through ARPA (Advanced Research Project Agency) created the first large computer network in 1969.- Result: ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) - which connected numerous universities to each other.- Employing the internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) from 1983. Smartphone - Could be seen as a “camera with which you can also call” Internet - The convergence of all aforementioned electronic technologies into the field of interactive ______ led to the creation of the current version of the Internet.- Time will tell if it is the most revolutionary technologi...

<p>communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

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