History of IT: World War II to Modern Times

The first programmable computer and the transistor were major technological breakthroughs in electronics that took place after World War II, with Bell Labs John Bardeen & Walter Brattain creating the 1st transistor on Dec. 16, 1947, known as the ______.

New information technologies became widely diffused around 1970, with 3 main technological fields being micro-electronics, computers, and ______.

The transistor made the fast processing of electric impulses in a binary mode possible, enabling the coding of logic and communication between ______.

Semiconductor processing devices like integrated circuits (IC’s) and chips are now made of millions of ______.

In 1971, Intel introduced the 4-bit 4004 microprocessor, which is known as the computer on a chip, enabling information-processing power to be installed ______.

Moore’s Law, named after Gordon Moore, observes that the number of transistors in an integrated circuit doubles approximately every ______ years.

Greater miniaturization, further specialization, and the decreasing price of increasingly powerful ______ made it possible to place them in every machine, from dishwashers and microwave ovens to automobiles. Mid 1980’s - 1990’s - Microcomputers were linked up in networks with increased mobility along with the capacity to add memory and processing capacity. - 1990’s - from centralized data storage and processing in mainframes to networked, interactive computer power-sharing and desktop computers. - Affecting not only the whole technological system but its social and organizational interactions as well. 2010’s - Storage capacity was so cheap and computing power increased enough - The time of Big Data commenced - massive amounts of data are analyzed algorithmically to find patterns - E.g. the measurements to compute the black hole image, brain scan image analyses, and online user behavior Big Data - No single definition - Associated with 5 V’s 1.Volume - the huge amount of data 2.Velocity - the speed at which they are generated 3.Variety - the different types of formats 4.Veracity - the trustworthiness of that data 5.Value - the money one can make with it Networking Capability - Became possible because of major developments in telecommunication and computer networking technologies - Made possible by new micro-electronic devices and stepped-up computing capacity - Telecommunication have been revolutionized further by the combination of: - “Node” technologies - electronic switches and routers - New linkages - transmission technologies - Major advances in: - Opto-electronics - fiber-optics and laser transmission - Digital packet transmission technology - broadened the capacity of transmission lines.- Opto-electronics-based transmission capacity, together with advanced switching and routing architectures, such as TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Interconnection Protocol) are the foundation of the Internet. 1960’s - A call to investigate how computers could be ‘connected’ to each other to create an environment to enhance computer research.- The US DoD (Department of Defense) through ARPA (Advanced Research Project Agency) created the first large computer network in 1969.- Result: ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) - which connected numerous universities to each other.- Employing the internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) from 1983. Smartphone - Could be seen as a “camera with which you can also call” Internet - The convergence of all aforementioned electronic technologies into the field of interactive communication led to the creation of the current version of the Internet.- Time will tell if it is the most revolutionary technologi...

The time of Big Data commenced - massive amounts of ______ are analyzed algorithmically to find patterns - E.g. the measurements to compute the black hole image, brain scan image analyses, and online user behavior Big Data - No single definition - Associated with 5 V’s 1.Volume - the huge amount of ______ 2.Velocity - the speed at which they are generated 3.Variety - the different types of formats 4.Veracity - the trustworthiness of that ______ 5.Value - the money one can make with it Networking Capability - Became possible because of major developments in telecommunication and computer networking technologies - Made possible by new micro-electronic devices and stepped-up computing capacity - Telecommunication have been revolutionized further by the combination of: - “Node” technologies - electronic switches and routers - New linkages - transmission technologies - Major advances in: - Opto-electronics - fiber-optics and laser transmission - Digital packet transmission technology - broadened the capacity of transmission lines.- Opto-electronics-based transmission capacity, together with advanced switching and routing architectures, such as TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Interconnection Protocol) are the foundation of the Internet. 1960’s - A call to investigate how computers could be ‘connected’ to each other to create an environment to enhance computer research.- The US DoD (Department of Defense) through ARPA (Advanced Research Project Agency) created the first large computer network in 1969.- Result: ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) - which connected numerous universities to each other.- Employing the internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) from 1983. Smartphone - Could be seen as a “camera with which you can also call” Internet - The convergence of all aforementioned electronic technologies into the field of interactive communication led to the creation of the current version of the Internet.- Time will tell if it is the most revolutionary technologi...

Smartphone - Could be seen as a “camera with which you can also call” Internet - The convergence of all aforementioned electronic technologies into the field of interactive ______ led to the creation of the current version of the Internet.- Time will tell if it is the most revolutionary technologi...

From centralized data storage and processing in mainframes to networked, interactive computer power-sharing and desktop computers. - Affecting not only the whole technological system but its social and organizational interactions as well. 2010’s - Storage capacity was so cheap and computing power increased enough - The time of Big Data commenced - massive amounts of ______ are analyzed algorithmically to find patterns - E.g. the measurements to compute the black hole image, brain scan image analyses, and online user behavior Big Data - No single definition - Associated with 5 V’s 1.Volume - the huge amount of data 2.Velocity - the speed at which they are generated 3.Variety - the different types of formats 4.Veracity - the trustworthiness of that data 5.Value - the money one can make with it Networking Capability - Became possible because of major developments in telecommunication and computer networking technologies - Made possible by new micro-electronic devices and stepped-up computing capacity - Telecommunication have been revolutionized further by the combination of: - “Node” technologies - electronic switches and routers - New linkages - transmission technologies - Major advances in: - Opto-electronics - fiber-optics and laser transmission - Digital packet transmission technology - broadened the capacity of transmission lines.- Opto-electronics-based transmission capacity, together with advanced switching and routing architectures, such as TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Interconnection Protocol) are the foundation of the Internet. 1960’s - A call to investigate how computers could be ‘connected’ to each other to create an environment to enhance computer research.- The US DoD (Department of Defense) through ARPA (Advanced Research Project Agency) created the first large computer network in 1969.- Result: ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) - which connected numerous universities to each other.- Employing the internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) from 1983.

Internet - The convergence of all aforementioned electronic technologies into the field of interactive ______ led to the creation of the current version of the Internet.- Time will tell if it is the most revolutionary technologi...

The US DoD (Department of Defense) through ARPA (Advanced Research Project Agency) created the first large computer network in 1969.- Result: ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) - which connected numerous universities to each other.- Employing the internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) from 1983. Smartphone - Could be seen as a “camera with which you can also call” Internet - The convergence of all aforementioned electronic technologies into the field of interactive ______ led to the creation of the current version of the Internet.- Time will tell if it is the most revolutionary technologi...