History of Islamic Architecture and Decorations
78 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the Taj Mahal primarily constructed with?

  • Red sandstone
  • White marble (correct)
  • Basalt
  • Granite

    • Which Islamic monument is believed to be the place from which the Prophet Muhammad ascended into heaven?

  • Dome of the Rock (correct)
  • The Great Mosque of Cordoba
  • Alhambra
  • Ka'aba

    • Which description best fits the Great Mosque, Iraq?

  • It has a richly decorated and elaborate palace and fortress.
  • It has a prayer hall comprised of double arcades.
  • It has a raised platform surrounded by four minarets.
  • It has a cone-shaped minaret encircled by an outer ramp in the form of a spiral. (correct)

    • Which structure is known for its horseshoe-formed lower arches with white stone and red brick voussoirs?

    <p>Great Mosque of Cordoba</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who built the Taj Mahal?

    <p>Emperor Shah Jahan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the Ka'aba located?

    <p>Mecca, Saudi Arabia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which city is considered the center of the Islamic world?

    <p>Mecca</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where did early Chinese settlements form?

    <p>Beside the Yellow, Wei, and Yangzi Rivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosophical belief emphasizes individualism and transcendence through direct connection with the natural world?

    <p>Taoism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the decoration characteristics of Taoist architecture?

    <p>Reflects the pursuit of luck, fulfillment, and longevity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements is NOT associated with Confucianism in architecture?

    <p>Resort to nature topography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically represented by the dragon in Confucian architecture?

    <p>Emperor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What architectural element can be found only in the most magnificent buildings such as palace and temple halls?

    <p>Dougong bracket</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How were the yellow tiles used in ancient Chinese architecture?

    <p>Exclusively for the emperor's buildings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a decorative symbol in Confucian architecture?

    <p>Tiger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shape is the central deepest part of the Zaojing or caisson ceiling?

    <p>Round</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a pagoda?

    <p>To preserve Buddhist relics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a pagoda often enshrines a statue of Buddha?

    <p>Body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What architectural structure is a Pai-lou?

    <p>A memorial archway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material is typically used to construct a Pai-lou?

    <p>Stone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a pavilion primarily used for?

    <p>Observation of the surrounding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the pagoda resembles the original image of the stupa from India?

    <p>Top</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which social class was considered the highest in the River in the south society?

    <p>scholar-gentry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which period did the Shang Dynasty exist?

    <p>Shang Dynasty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Qin Shi Huangdi known for in the Qin Dynasty?

    <p>Unifying China with strict laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material is jade a symbol of in Chinese culture?

    <p>vitality and authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes Blue and white wares in porcelain?

    <p>Painted using cobalt oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is notable about the Tang Dynasty?

    <p>Golden Age of Chinese Arts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dynasty is associated with the spread of Buddhism in China?

    <p>Han Dynasty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main components of traditional Chinese architecture?

    <p>Podium, main body, and pitch roof</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Chinese architectural landmark served as a home for 24 emperors for nearly 500 years?

    <p>The Forbidden City</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which landmark was built as a residence for the Dalai Lama and rises 200 meters against a hillside?

    <p>Potala Palace</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year was Japan closed to outside world due to isolation from foreign influence?

    <p>1800 AD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary religion practiced in Japan?

    <p>Shinto</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Japanese island is the principal one?

    <p>Honshu</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What material primarily constitutes the hilly and forested geography of Japan?

    <p>Granite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of Japanese painting is based on geometric forms rather than the fluid forms of China?

    <p>Yamato</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Chinese architectural landmark served as a means of communication?

    <p>The Great Wall of China</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of decoration involves the use of glass pieces assembled into a pattern?

    <p>Glass mosaic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the tower from which the call to prayer is made in a mosque?

    <p>Minaret</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature of a mosque indicates the direction towards Mecca?

    <p>Qibla wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a mosque houses the praying niche?

    <p>Mihrab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the raised platform used for ceremonial announcements in a mosque?

    <p>Minbar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fundamental feature of a mosque is often cloistered or arcaded?

    <p>Sahn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a Madrasah in Islamic architecture?

    <p>Theological school</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which architectural landmark is located in Jerusalem?

    <p>The Dome of the Rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Makimono painting executed on?

    <p>Horizontal silk rolls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medium features heavily in the Ukiyo-e genre?

    <p>Woodblock prints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What demand did the new craze for tea ceremony create?

    <p>Pottery vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pattern is characterized by strong floral and brocade designs in heavily saturated colors?

    <p>Imari pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tool is used in the tea ceremony to whisk the tea?

    <p>Chasen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is characterized by a decorative curved, single-edged blade with a circular or squared guard?

    <p>Katana</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the art form involving cultivating miniature trees called?

    <p>Bonsai</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Japanese art of folding paper?

    <p>Origami</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following features is NOT characteristic of Japanese architecture?

    <p>Heavy, solid structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Torii Gateway in a Shinto shrine?

    <p>To serve as a gateway along the approach path</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is found in front of the honden in a Shinto shrine?

    <p>Haiden</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Japanese Buddhist temples, where are sacred texts read?

    <p>Kodo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary feature of the Ise Shrine?

    <p>Golden Hall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a Shinto temple?

    <p>For the enshrinement and worship of a kami</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a part of Japanese Buddhist architecture?

    <p>Honden</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Shintoism aim to achieve with purification, prayers, and offerings?

    <p>To keep away evil spirits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which architectural feature is found in a Japanese Buddhist temple?

    <p>Principal hall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the traditional Japanese tea house called?

    <p>Cha-shitsu</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which landmark enshrines the sun goddess Amaterasu Omikami?

    <p>Ise Shrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is known for having 6 storeys and curving eaves?

    <p>Himeji Castle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which period saw the advent of the first public baths in Japan?

    <p>Nara Period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Ilocano native term for large earthenware vessels?

    <p>Burnay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Manunggul jar used for?

    <p>Funerary purposes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Vigan tile associated with?

    <p>Spanish Colonial houses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is T'nalak cloth woven from?

    <p>Abacá fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which weaving technique is characterized by a resist dyeing process used on either the warp or weft before weaving?

    <p>Ikat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the design of Binacol weaving represent?

    <p>Waves of the sea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a prominent characteristic of Ifugao Ikat weaving?

    <p>Diamond stripes of white and red</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which region is PIS SIYABIT typically used, and by whom?

    <p>Sulu Archipelago, by Tausug men</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Inaul fabric associated with?

    <p>Technicolour geometric weaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Inabel/Abel Iloco weaving technique?

    <p>Floral designs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What weaving tradition is known for its psychedelic optical art designs?

    <p>Binacol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    History of Art and Architecture

    Vaulting

    • Decorations in vaulting: moldings, friezes, carvings, stone inlay, mosaic, patterned brickwork, carved stucco, ceramic facing, glass mosaic, painting, timber inlay, Arabesques, and decorative bonding for brickwork.

    Types of Architecture

    • Mosque/Masjid: a place for worship, with a inward-looking building, no positive object of attention, and a cloistered or arcaded courtyard.
    • House with courtyard: a residential building with a central courtyard.
    • Fortress: a fortified building for defense.
    • Madrasah: a theological school, arranged around a courtyard.

    Parts of a Mosque

    • Sahn: courtyard of a mosque.
    • Haram: covered area in front of the qibla wall.
    • Mihrab: niche oriented towards Mecca, indicating the direction of prayer.
    • Dikka: a tribune raised upon columns from which the Koran is recited.
    • Maqsura: an enclosure in a mosque, made of an openwork screen.
    • Minbar: a raised platform for ceremonial announcements.
    • Iwan: an open-fronted vault facing a court.
    • Minaret: a tower from which a call to prayer is made.
    • Qibla wall: axis oriented towards Mecca.
    • Bab: a gateway.
    • Musalla: the central area for prayer.

    Architectural Landmarks

    • Taj Mahal, India: a white marble tomb with a multi-patterned ceramic exterior.
    • Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem: a historic Islamic monument.
    • Great Mosque of Cordoba, Spain: a mosque with a prayer hall featuring double arcades.
    • Great Mosque, Iraq: a mosque with a cone-shaped minaret.
    • Alhambra, Spain: a palace and fortress.

    Chinese Art

    Historical Background

    • Early settlements in the Yellow River, Wei River, and Yangzi River.
    • Four main social classes: scholar-gentry, peasants, artisans, and merchants.

    Periods

    • Neolithic (6000-1700 BC)
    • Eritou period (2000-1600 BC)
    • Shang Dynasty (1650-1050 BC)
    • Zhou Dynasty (1050-221 BC)
    • Qin Dynasty (221 BC-AD 207)
    • Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 220)
    • Kingdoms (265-420)
    • Northern dynasties (386-581)
    • Southern Dynasties (420-589)
    • Sui Dynasty (581-618)
    • Tang Dynasty (618-908)

    Shang Dynasty

    • Known for bronze casting.
    • Royal family lived in a walled palace.

    Qin Dynasty

    • Unified China by implementing strict laws, taxing everyone, and introducing a standard script.
    • Ordered the burning of scholarly books.

    Han Dynasty

    • Founded by Lui Bang.
    • Controlled the Silk Road, and Buddhism started to spread.
    • Extended ancient Chinese boundaries.

    Tang Dynasty

    • Golden Age of Chinese Arts.

    Architecture

    Types of Chinese Art

    • Porcelain: a ceramic material made by heating raw materials.
    • Blue and white wares: glazed using a transparent porcelain glaze.
    • Blanc de Chine: a type of white porcelain.
    • Polychrome Colored porcelain: a type of porcelain with multiple colors.
    • Jade ware: a symbol of vitality and authority.
    • Calligraphy: Chinese writing done on silk and paper.
    • Paintings: made on paper and silk, usually in long scroll forms.

    Principles in Chinese Architecture

    • Taoism: emphasizes individualism and transcendence.
    • Confucianism: emphasizes strict adherence to social conventions and rituals.
    • Buddhism: a path of practice and spiritual development.

    Taoism in Art and Architecture

    • Decoration reflects Taoist pursuit of luck and fulfillment.
    • Use of natural topography to build towers, pavilions, and gardens.

    Confucianism in Art and Architecture

    • Yin-Yang: balance and symmetry.
    • Feng shui: traditional concepts of five elements.
    • Number nine: especially applied in imperial architecture.
    • Concentric or symmetrical shapes.
    • Significance of colors: yellow, green, red, and phoenix.

    Architectural Elements

    • Dougong bracket: a structural member found between the top of a column and across beam.
    • Curved roof: a characteristic of Chinese architecture.
    • Glazed tiles: used exclusively on palace buildings and big mansions.
    • Zaojing or caisson ceiling: a decorative ceiling.

    Presence of garden or landscaping

    • Use of natural topography to build towers, pavilions, and gardens.

    Japanese Art

    Historical Background

    • Chinese influence.
    • Feudalism with castes of emperor, nobles, shoguns, and military.
    • Isolation from foreign influence for 200 years.
    • Religions: Shinto, Buddhism.
    • Geography: Principal island, Honshu; smaller islands at north and south.
    • Prevalence of earthquakes.
    • Hilly and forested country.
    • Un-stratified volcanic stone.

    Types of Japanese Art

    • Paintings: drew direct inspiration from China.
    • Yamato: a national style of painting based on geometric forms.
    • Kakemono: a painting executed on a vertical silk roll.
    • Makimono: a painting executed on a horizontal silk roll.
    • Wood-block prints (Ukiyo-e): a genre of Japanese woodblock prints.
    • Ceramics: created a demand for pottery vessels.

    Japanese Architecture

    • Made of wood.
    • Indigenous religious sensibility.
    • Adaptable to climate and topography.
    • Flexible.
    • Open space.

    Shintoism

    • Shinto: "the way of the gods".
    • Kami: Shinto gods.
    • No founder.
    • Purification, prayers, and offerings to the kami.

    Architectural Forms

    • Shinto Temples (Jinja): the main purpose is for the enshrinement and worship of a kami.
    • Torii Gateways: open gateways, consisting of two pillars and an architrave.
    • Honden: building that contains the body of the goshintai.
    • Haiden: hall of worship of the Shinto shrine.

    Buddhist Temples

    • Complex group of monastic buildings.
    • Pagodas: reliquary.
    • Kodo: lecture hall.
    • Kondo: image hall.

    Filipino Art

    Pre-colonial Period Art

    • Pottery: found in the Tabon Caves of Palawan.
    • Weaving: T'nalak, Ikat, Binacol, Inabel/Abel Iloco, and Inaul.

    Architectural Landmarks

    • Ise Shrine: the oldest Shinto temple in Japan.
    • Himeji Castle: the most impressive of the fortified residences.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Explore the various decorations and types of architecture used in Islamic buildings, including mosques, vaulting, and more. Learn about the different techniques and styles used in Islamic art and architecture.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser